prelab activites_ lab 5 session 1

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Jan 9, 2024

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Lab 5: Motion and collisions 5.1 Learning objectives and readings In this unit, you will perform an application experiment involving solving a practical problem or determining an unknown quantity by conducting experiments. 5.1.1 Learning objectives By the end of this lab, you will be able to: • use a video tracking software to analyze the motion of objects, • identify a research question, analyze the data, and draw appropriate conclusions, • choose an appropriate conceptual framework or model of a physical system, • design an experiment to solve a problem, • apply data analysis skills as well as estimating and reducing uncertainties. 5.1.2 Pre-lab readings Before coming to the lab, you should be able to: • apply the concepts of linear momentum and energy to study elastic and inelastic collisions, • know the basic functions and tools of the video tracking software for this unit, 5.1.3 Readings and videos 1. Young & Freedman, University Physics , 13th edition (or later): Chapter 8, sections 8.1 - 8.4, or, 2. Knight, Jones, Field, University Physics for the Life Sciences , 1st edition (or later): Chapter 8, sections 8.1 - 8.3. 3. Video tutorial “ Getting started with Tracker ”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=La3H7JywgX0. 67
5.2 Session I: Pre-lab activities 5.2.1 Group check-in Your name: Leo Zhao Role: Skeptic Partner 1 name: Kevin Ou Role: Summarizer Partner 2 name: Hassan Mustafa Role: Recorder TA: Tori Snyder Section: 3 Date: 11/7/23 Available equipment Marbles, a video camera (included in your cell phone), a meter stick, a ruler, toy cars, a plastic track, a pendulum (500 g hooked mass, mason twine, a measuring tape, a table clamp, a mount, a 1.5 m-long rod, a right-angle clamp, a small rod), and the Tracker video tracking software. bout today’s lab session 222222222222222 The nature of this lab is exploratory and, therefore, open-ended! There are no right answers or procedures in this lab. The main goal is learning how to use the video tracking software . For today’s lab session, you will complete the activities as a collaborative lab notebook entry and submit your work as a group. However, you will not write an individual lab report for this week’s activities . This activity aims to learn the main features of the video tracking software Tracker [8] installed in your lab computer. The task will be to compare the motion of two objects and quantify that motion with the software. You will do this by following these steps: 5.2.4 What to include in your collaborative lab notebook? a) Describe the investigation question that you came up with. For our investigation, we will be determining how the velocity of a car changes with the height of the ramp it is released from. In other words, how will the height of an inclined ramp affect the final velocity of a toy car? b) Describe your experimental setup and include a labeled sketch.
We vary the height of the block. We will keep the meter stick in the experiment during the video so that the Tracker software is able to calibrate distances. c) From the information that you have available in the Tracker software to analyze your data, describe what variables will help answer your investigation question. What plots will be meaningful to include? Will you need to perform curve fits? If so, what information will this fit(s) provide you? The variables that help answer the investigation include the height of the block (independent variable) and the resulting velocity of the car (dependent variable). Helpful graphs would include the time vs. velocity graphs. We would need to perform curve fits if the data we obtain in the graphs lacks linearity. A curve fit would provide an average estimate of the data in the graph. d) Include the graphs, tables, curve fit parameters, etc., you obtained from your analysis, and verbally describe and interpret your results . To get full credit for this part, you must include at least one graph for each object and its verbal description . Velocity vs. time graph for taller incline
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Velocity vs. time graph for shorter incline Track Length (m) Block Height (m) Mass of Car (kg) Final Velocity (m/s) 0.605 0.230 0.0269 2.177 0.605 0.155 0.0269 2.015 e) Based on your outcome, what is the answer to your investigation question? The answer is that if the car is launched from rest at a greater height than it will have greater final velocity which is in agreement with the law of conservation of energy as the Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) is higher from the car released from the greater height will have greater GPE which will then be converted to Kinetic Energy leading to a higher final speed of the car at the end of the track. f) Think about any improvements you would make to your experiments/analysis and include them. One improvement would be ensuring that the track does not bend as the car travels along it. This way, the car would travel in a perfectly linear path each time. Another improvement that could be made would be to also consider the force of friction acting on the car caused by the track. We could also conduct multiple trials for each height and also use more varying heights to collect more data. g) Include any other information that you and your group consider relevant (for example, if you had any issues with the equipment or software, describe them and how you solved them, etc.) One issue that we had encountered included importing the video into the Tracker software. This is because our recorded video was a .mov file, which was unsupported by the software. To solve this issue, we imported the video into an online file converter and converted the video into an .mp4 file. Then, we were able to import the video into the Tracker software successfully. In this lab, we also used skills that we developed in
previous labs. For example, we used linear regression in our plot in order to analyze the motion of the car, which helped us to analyze its velocity. 5.2.5 Preparing for the next lab session The guiding question for Lab 5, Session II (L5SII) is: Is the collision between two marbles elastic? To give you a head start, we will have to start a proposal for your experimental procedure in this session. It does not have to be correct. You must include this in your submission for this week . 1. Create a new section in your collaborative lab notebook titled: “ Lab 5, Session II – Research proposal ”. Lab 5, Session II - Research proposal 2. Define what an elastic and inelastic collision are. What physical quantities are relevant when studying collisions? Do you expect any of these quantities to be conserved? If so, what are the conditions for observing the conservation of those quantities? An elastic collision is one where both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved, while an inelastic collision is one where momentum is conserved but kinetic energy is not conserved. Relevant physical quantities when studying collisions include mass, velocity, momentum, and kinetic energy. Momentum and kinetic energy are expected to be conserved in specific circumstances, such as when external forces are negligible and there is no energy loss due to factors like friction or deformation. 3. From what you learned today, how can you use the Tracker software to measure and analyze data to answer the (L5SII) guiding question? We will first gather the masses of the marbles. Then, we can use the tracker software to calculate the velocity of the marbles before and after the collision. Then, we can use concepts such as the conservation of momentum and the conservation of kinetic energy formulas to determine whether or not momentum and kinetic energy is conserved to determine whether or not the collision of the marbles is elastic or inelastic. Remember... Lab notes are meant only to be expanded, but not deleted or erased. If you, anyone in your group, or all of you change your mind about something or repeat the experiment, report this in the lab notebook and always explain why! Instructions for the END of the session i) Delete all your data and close the Tracker software on your lab computer.
ii) Reorganize the lab equipment and ensure it is complete and visible . Report any equipment issues to your TA. iii) Scan or compile your work for Session I into a single PDF file and make a group submission via Gradescope to the corresponding assignment . iv) Clean up any trash or objects that you wish to discard. v) Make sure you pack all your belongings (computer/phone chargers, electronic devices, notebooks, water bottles, packages, etc.). vi) Before you leave the lab, get confirmation from your TA that they can see your submission on Gradescope . If this is not the case, resubmit your work and check again. Please finish this before your lab session ends to avoid missed deadlines.
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