Secrets of the Sun

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El Paso Community College *

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1303

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Physics

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Jan 9, 2024

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Alcala 1 Denisse Alcala John Olgin ASTR 1303 09/27/2023 Secrets of The Sun 1- What is a CME? How did a CME affect us in the late 80's and over 150years ago? How does the SDO help us understand the sun? A CME is massive release of plasma and magnetic field from the Sun's corona. CMEs in the late 80s and over 150 years ago caused disturbances in Earth's magnetosphere that led to disruptions in communication and power grids. CMEs are better understood today through the help of the SDO which is a NASA mission designed to study the Sun. The SDO provides high-resolution images and data on various aspects of the Sun, including its magnetic field, solar flares, and CMEs. 2- How do sound waves tell us what the Sun's interior is like? How is this similar to seismic waves? What is the study of solar sound waves? Sound waves generated by turbulence inside the Sun allow scientists to study the Sun's interior. By observing how these waves travel through the Sun, scientists can infer properties like temperature, density, and composition. The study of the sun using sound waves is called helioseismology, that it is much like the use of seismic waves to study the interior of the Earth. 3- Describe the layers of the Sun. Where do you find plasma on the Sun?What happens at the Sun's core? What do photons have to do with the core and the rest of the Sun's interior?

Alcala 2 The Sun is made up of several layers such as the core which is the central re- gion of the Sun where nuclear fusion occurs. Radiative Zone is another layer that sur- rounds the core, energy from the core is transported through radiation. Above the ra- diative zone is the convective zone, in this layer, energy is transported through con- vection. The photosphere is the visible surface of the Sun, this is where most of the Sun's light is emitted. Above the photosphere is the chromosphere, is the layer where solar flares and prominences occur. The outermost layer of the Sun is the corona, this layer is made up of highly ionized gas known as plasma which extends far into space. Plasma can be found in both the chromosphere and the corona of the Sun. At the core of the Sun, nuclear fusion reactions take place. Hydrogen atoms combine to form he- lium, releasing a tremendous amount of energy in the process. In the Sun's interior, the photons play a crucial role in transporting the energy produced at the core to the outer layers and carry this energy through radiation. 4- Describe the balancing act the Sun does in order to survive. The sun maintains a delicate balancing act with steps of gravity, nuclear fu- sion, radiation pressure, and equilibrium. It survives by constantly balancing the in- ward force of gravity with the outward pressure generated by nuclear fusion and radi- ation. This delicate equilibrium enables the Sun to continue shining and providing heat and light to our solar system. 5- How do the kinks form on the Sun? How do these kinks form solar flares? How do these flares help explain why the corona is so hot?

Alcala 3 The kinks on the Sun form due to the magnetic field lines that extend from the Sun's surface. These magnetic field lines can become twisted and distorted over time, leading to the formation of kinks. Solar flares occur when the twisted magnetic field lines suddenly release a large amount of energy. The corona is actually hotter than the surface of the Sun, which seems counterintuitive since the surface is closer to the Sun's core. The energy released during a solar flare heats up the surrounding plasma in the corona. The intense heat causes the particles in the corona to move at high speeds this results in the corona being hotter than the Sun's surface.

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