EXAM 1

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Physics

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Jan 9, 2024

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Alcala 1 Denisse Alcala John Olgin ASTR 1303 09/28/2023 Exam 1 1. What is helioseismology and how does it help scientists understand the interior of the Sun and possibly other stars? Helioseismology is a powerful tool that is used to study the interior of the sun. It can tell us information about the surface of the Sun which is what helps scientists get clues to the composition of the interior and forecast space weather. Helioseismology has provided by far the most precise tests for the theory of stellar structure and evolution, without it, scientists will have no hope in future discoveries and understanding of our sun and other stars. 2. How the Big Bang Theory came to be. How can we detect evidence of the Big Bang? What other theories exist that explain the existence of our universe? How did the four fundamental forces come to be and explain each force. How do we know that our star - our Sun - is a 3"' generation star? The Big Bang Theory came to be when an astronomer discovered that there were other galaxies out in space besides the Milky Way. We can detect evidence of the Big Bang by using a microwave telescope. Other theories that exist that explain the existence of our universe are the black hole origin theory and the bouncing cosmological model theory. The four fundamental forces came to be as the universe cooled down, all forces
Alcala 2 began to emerge and got discovered. The four fundamental forces of nature are gravity, electromagnetism, the strong nuclear force, and the weak nuclear force. We know that our sun is a third-generation star because of the presence of heavy elements in the environ- ment of the sun, astronomers can assert that the sun is not a 1st generation star born right after the big bang. 3. Draw/create a diagram of the Sun, showing and describing all its physical features and activity as discussed in class and described in your book. Be detailed, and thorough in
Alcala 3 4. Explain how the sun uses its fuel to make elements and energy. Explain how the 5 states of equilibrium that the sun undergoes works. The sun generates a lot of energy, it is powered by thermonuclear fusion that con- verts hydrogen into helium. The Sun produces a large amount of energy by combining very light elements such as hydrogen to heavier elements such as helium and then lithium, oxygen, carbon, right up to iron all by using nuclear fusion. This fusion process occurs inside the core of the Sun, and the transformation results in a release of energy that keeps the sun hot. The five states of equilibrium that the sun undergoes are hydrostatic, mass-continuity, energy conservation, radiative temperature gradient, and adiabatic con- vection gradient. Mass continuity is the step were you see that there’s enough use of fuel and the steady amount of fuel that is being released inside the star so it can glow, energy conservation is the energy that is conserved to do stuff like create new elements, radiative temperature gradient is the organized distribution of heat release, adiabatic convection gradient is the way that the heat is being released, and hydrostatic is the state of balance between gravity. 5. Explain how the science of physics and astronomy evolved from Aristotle to Galileo's time. How are some of those "growing pains" similar to what we see today?
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