Lab 3 Momentum

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Jan 9, 2024

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Liam Dietsch Phys 1300 Nov 1, 2023 Lab 3 - Momentum Table 1: 1D Head-on Collisions Collision #1 identical coins #2 larger moving coin #3 smaller moving coin mass of Coin 1 [moving] (kg) 0.0044 kg 0.0044 kg 0.00175 kg mass of Coin 2 [stationary] (kg) 0.0044 kg 0.00207 kg 0.0073 kg velocity (m/s) Coin 1 velocity before 0.077 m/s 1.08 m/s 1.27 m/s Coin 2 velocity before 0.00m/s 0.00 m/s 0.00 m/s Coin 1 velocity after 0.018 m/s 0.185 m/s -0.193 m/s Coin 2 velocity after 0.046 m/s 0.380 m/s 0.30 m/s momentum (kg m/s) Total momentum before 3.4x10^-4 kg m/s 4.8x10^-3 kg m/s 2.23 x 10 -3 kg m/s
Total momentum after 2.8x10^-4 kg m/s 1.2x10^-3 kg m/s 1.85 x 10 -3 kg m/s kinetic energy (J) Total kinetic energy before 1.3x10^-5 J 2.6x10^-3 J 1.41 x 10 -3 J Total kinetic energy after 5.368x10^-6 J 2.3x10^-4 J 3.61 x 10 -4 J % kinetic energy remaining 41% 9% 26% Question 8: Was momentum conserved in these collisions? If not, provide a brief explanation. No, the momentum was not conserved in the collisions. If we take a look at the total momentum for all three collisions, the momentum before does not equal the momentum after the collision. Therefore momentum is not conserved for all three collisions. In a closed system environment, there are no external forces acting on the 2 colliding bodies which means the momentum is conserved whether or not it's elastic or inelastic. For this experiment, we were working in an open system environment which means gravity and friction were acting upon the 2 colliding bodies. Friction, gravity, and normal forces were all present during this experiment which means energy and momentum were lost in the form of thermal energy (friction).
Table 2: 2D Collision, Identical Coins Collision x-component y-component mass of Coin 1 [moving] (kg) 0.00395 kg X mass of Coin 2 [stationary] (kg) 0.00395 kg X velocity (m/s) Coin 1 velocity before 0.00 m/s 1.22 m/s Coin 2 velocity before 0.00 m/s 0.00 m/s Coin 1 velocity after -0.41 m/s 0.86 m/s Coin 2 velocity after 0.46 m/s 0.80 m/s momentum (kg m/s) Total momentum before 0.00 kg m/s 4.8x10^-3 kg m/s Total momentum after 2.0x10^-3 kg m/s 6.6x10^-3 kg m/s total kinetic energy (J) (combine both x- and y-component data) X Total kinetic energy before 2.9x10^-3 J X Total kinetic energy after 5.8x10^-4 J X % kinetic energy remaining 20% X
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Question 9: Was momentum conserved for each direction (x, y)? For each direction, the momentum was not conserved. Independently in each direction, there were forces of gravity, friction, and normal all acting upon the two bodies. This means that some momentum was lost during the collision due to the presence of external forces in other forms of energy (heat). Question 10: Should the conservation of kinetic energy be considered separately for the x- and y-directions as we do for momentum? The conservation of kinetic energy should not be broken down into two separate components like momentum, because, unlike momentum, energy is a scalar quantity, and therefore does not have separate x and y components.

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