_Physics Fall Final Exam Review

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Physics Fall Final Exam Review Blanca Herrera AKS 1b: Which graphs show an object traveling at a constant non-zero velocity? Graph 1 Graph 4 AKS 1b3: A. What is the difference between a scalar quantity and a vector quantity? Explain with three examples each. A scalar has only magnitude, a vector has both magnitude and direction. B. One car travels east for 250 m for 50 seconds. A second car travels west for 125 m for 25 seconds. What is the speed of each car? What are their velocities? Speed = direction / time Velocity = displacement / time Speed car 1 = 250/50 = 5 m/s Velocity car 1 = 250/50 = 5m/s East Speed car 2 = 125/25 = 5 m/s

Velocity car 2 = 125/25 = 5 m/s West AKS 1c1: You are designing an experiment to determine the acceleration of a motorized toy car over 1 meter of distance along a level floor. You perform the following steps in your experiment: 1. Release the toy car from rest. 2. Take a video of the car accelerating. 3. Determine the time the car took to reach 1 using the video. If you followed the steps above, could you determine the acceleration of the toy car? What formula will you use to solve for the acceleration, a? Acceleration = (Vf-Vi)/t Yes, we can calculate acceleration since we have both velocities and time recorded. AKS 1c2: What is the acceleration due to gravity on Earth? G= 9.8 m/s^2 What sign does it always have? Always positive Ignoring air resistance, which object falls on the ground first, heavier or lighter? Explain. Both objects fall at the same time because mass doesn't matter in free fall AKS 2a1: The baseball’s resultant velocity is 25.0 m/s at 35 degrees from the level ground. What are the horizontal and vertical components of the baseball’s velocity?

Horizontal component X= V. cos 0 x= (25) cos = 35 x= 20.48 m/s Vertical Component Y= V. Sin 0 y= (25) Sin = 0 y= 14. 34 m/s AKS 2b4: What happens to the magnitudes of the horizontal and vertical velocities as a projectile falls to the ground? Increases, decreases, or stays the same? Explain your reasoning using drawings. Horizontal Velocity (Vx) stays the same or constant. Vertical Velocity (Vy) increases as a projectile falls to the ground. AKS 2b6: A teacher drops a foam dart from a height of 1.5 m. Her students use their observations and math skills to determine that the dart has a horizontal velocity of 0 m/s and hits the ground in 0.55 s. The teacher then brings out a toy dart launcher and tells the students it will also be at the height of 1.5 m but will be pointed horizontally. The teacher informs the students the horizontal velocity will be 8 m/s and asks them to predict how the launched dart’s time of flight will compare to the dropped dart, assuming no air resistance. The following three predictions and

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justifications were offered. Which student’s reasoning is the most correct and why? Student Z. AKS 3a: A bat hits a baseball with 1800N of force. What is the magnitude and direction of the force the baseball exerts on the bat? 1800N, opposite direction. AKS 3a1: A 1116 kg space vehicle travels along a straight line at a constant speed of 800 m/s. What is the magnitude of the net force on the space vehicle? The net force is 0 if the object is moving at a constant velocity AKS 3a1: An astronaut on Earth has a mass of 65 kg and a weight of 637 N. The astronaut is sent to a space station, where the acceleration due to gravity is 9.5m/s 2 . How does the astronaut’s mass and inertia affect the space station? They stay the same/constant. AKS 3a3: What is the mass of an object that experiences a constant net force of 380 N while it is accelerated at 5.5 m/s 2 ? F =ma 380=m x (5.5) = 69.09 kg

AKS 3a3: A 5 kg concrete brick is pulled to the right with 20 N of force. The brick experiences 5.0 N of friction. What is the acceleration of the brick? Fnet= Fa-Ff Fnet=ma Fnet= 20-5 15=5a Fnet=15 3m/s^2 A 2,300 kg truck accelerates from 0.0 m/s to 14.6 m/s in 3.7 seconds. What is the force the tires apply to the road to accelerate the truck? F=ma a= Vf-Vi/t a= 14x6-0/3x7 =3.95 F= (2300)(3.95)= 9,085N AKS 3a4: The bug hits the windshield of a car, and the windshield hits the bug. Which of the two forces is greater: the force on the bug or the force on the windshield? Explain. They are equal but opposite. AKS 3b:Use the information and diagram to answer the following question. A student attempts to draw a free-body diagram for a box being pushed across the floor at a constant speed. What is wrong with this drawing regarding friction and applied forces? Ff and Fa are not equal.

AKS 3b1:Use the information and picture to answer the following question. As shown in the picture, a 2 kg block slides down a 30° inclined plane. The block of wood has an acceleration of 2 m/s 2 . Draw a free-body diagram that represents the force of gravity (Fg), frictional force (Ff), and the normal force (Fn) that acts on the block. AKS 3c4:Use the information and diagram to answer the following question.

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If the net force acting on the box in the free body diagram is 30 N, East, What is the value of the applied force? Fnet= 30 Fnet= Fa-Fa 30= Fa-90 +90 +90= 120N AKS 4b:A car is traveling around a circular track. If the car travels at a velocity of 15 m/s, what is the car’s centripetal acceleration? ac= V^2/r ac= 15^2/10= 225/10= 22.5m/s^2

AKS 4a/c 0.13 N

9.7N AKS 5b AKS 5b1 A roller-coaster goes over a 9-meter-tall hill and then approaches a 22-meter hill. What minimum velocity would the roller-coaster need when going over the 9-meter hill to reach the top of the 22-meter hill? Vi= 15.96 m/s ½ Vi^2 +gh1 = gh2 Michael uses his bike to apply 415 N to himself and the bike by pedaling as he approaches a 1.3 m tall ramp 9.2 m away. What work does Michael do on himself and the bike he is riding? W = 3818 J AKS 5b2 Marissa does 10.3 J of work to lower the window shade in her bedroom in 9 seconds. How powerful is Marissa?

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P= 1.14 Watts A weightlifter lifts a 26 kg barbell a distance of 0.6 m in 0.23 s. How much power is demonstrated by the lift? P= 664.7 Watts P= w/t = 10.3/9 AKS 5c1 The data collected from a competition compared the results from two weightlifters: Weightlifter X lifts a 200 kg bar from the floor to the tabletop, and Weightlifter Y lifts an equivalent 200 kg to the same height but takes a longer time. Which of the weightlifters does more work and why? They both work the same amount but weightlifter X is more powerful. Two students, Jon & Tim, were helping to lift two boxes, 50 kg each, with books to a 3m high shelf. Jon completed his task in less time than Tim. Provide a statement that accounts for the work done and the power used by the students. They both work the same amount but Jon is more powerful. AKS 6b3 Bobby has a mass of 60 kg, and he runs down the length of a football field at 3.5 m/s to catch the football being passed to him. What is his momentum? P= m v p= (60)(3.5) p= 210 km/s A car is driving on Highway 78 with a momentum of 48,900 kg m/s. If the car weighs 1,800 kg, what is its velocity? V= 27.17 m/s A 6,400 kg freight truck accelerates from 11 m/s to 41 m/s in 12 s by applying a constant force. What change in momentum occurs? Impulse = 192,000 Ns

A 5,500 kg freight truck accelerates from 7 m/s to 46 m/s in 0.3 s by applying a constant force. How much force was applied to the truck? Impulse = 37,400 Ns AKS 6b4 Use the information and table to answer the following question. Two cars crash in a head-on collision and come to a stop. The crash analysts record the results in the data table based on their observations. Based on their findings, are the impact forces experienced by each vehicle the same or different? Explain your reasoning. The forces are equal but opposite.

P= m v P= (3000)(10)= 30,0000 P= m v p= (100)(-30) P= 30,000 p= -30,000

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