virtual pendulum lab (1)

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Jan 9, 2024

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Mr. Lindsay, Physics 101 Los Angeles City College VIRTUAL LABORATORY ASSIGNMENT: PENDULUM LAB Purpose: In this virtual assignment, we will explore the following: (1) The influence that the length of a pendulum has on the period of the pendulum (2) The influence that the mass of a pendulum has on the period of the pendulum Instructions: Go to the following site: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/pendulum-lab Click on the picture to download. Then click on the Intro box to start. Procedure: Set the length to 0.30 m and the mass to 1.00 kg. Click on the Stopwatch in the lower left corner. Move the object such that the string makes an angle of no more than 10 degrees. Release the object to set it swinging. Use the stopwatch to measure the time for 10 oscillations. One oscillation is the time between the moments that the pendulum is in the same position and moving in the same direction. So if you start your stopwatch when the string is vertical and the object is moving towards the left, then you must stop your stopwatch when the string is again vertical and the object is moving toward the left. Repeat the measurement for a total of 3 trials. Divide by 10 to determine the period of the pendulum. Record, on the data sheet, the data for three trials of the measurement of the period of the pendulum. Be sure to use the correct number of significant figures for each entry! Repeat the measurements but this time changing the length to 0.50 m. Record the data in the data sheet. Repeat the measurement again but this time changing the length to 0.70 m. Record the data in the data sheet. Repeat the period measurements for the different pendulum lengths but using a mass of 1.25 kg. Record the data in the data sheet. Leaving the length of the pendulum at 0.70 m, and the mass at 1.25 kg, set the pendulum to a larger angle of approximately 20 degrees. Measure the time for 10 oscillations and repeat for a total of 3 trials. Divide by 10 to determine the period of the pendulum. Record the data in the data sheet. Repeat the above measurements for an angle of approximately 40 degrees. Record the data in the data sheet.

Experimental Data Object 1 Object 2 Mass Period of Oscillation Length = 0.30 m Small angle (less than 10°) 3 trials __________________________ _ Period of Oscillation Length = 0.50 m Small angle (less than 10°) 3 trials __________________________ __________________________ _ Period of Oscillation Length = 0.70 m Small angle (less than 10°) 3 trials __________________________ Period of Oscillation Length = 0.70 m Medium angle (about 20°) 3 trials No measurements required __________________________ _ Period of Oscillation Length = 0.70 m Large angle (about 40°) 3 trials No measurements required __________________________ _

Calculations 1) Summarize your results by filling out the following table for the small angles results only. Again, be sure to use the correct number of significant figures for each entry. Length (m) Average period (s) Square of the average period (s 2 ) 0.30 Object 1: Object 2: Object 1: Object 2: 0.50 Object 1: Object 2: Object 1: Object 2: 0.70 Object 1: Object 2: Object 1: Object 2: 2) Plot a graph of the average period (T) on the y-axis (the dependent variable), against the length of pendulum on the x-axis (the independent variable) and another of the average period squared (T 2 ) vs. the length of the pendulum for each of the two objects. For each of your two graphs, put the data for object 1 and object 2 on the same graph. Ensure that you label your axes and indicate the units. Draw the graph of T versus length such that the time axis scale goes from 0 to 2.5 and the length from 0 to 1.5m. Do these graphs on separate sheets and include them with your submission. 3) Discuss what factors influence the period of oscillation of a pendulum. Which factor has the strongest effect? Which has the weakest? 4) Use your results to predict what the period of oscillation of a pendulum with a length of 1m will be.

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