Charges and Fields Lab

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Porterville College *

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104B

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Physics

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Jan 9, 2024

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Name __________________________________ Prof. Satko PHYS 104B Lab Electric Charges and Fields Today, you will use the Charges and Fields PhET lab to map the electric field around one or more point charges. Here is a link directly to the simulation: Charges and Fields . Alternately, on the CU-Boulder Interactive Simulations (PhET) website, go to the menu on the left side of the screen. Click on Physics , then Electricity, Magnets & Circuits , then Charges and Fields .

Beginning Observations 1) First, take a few minutes to locate and identify the various features on the program. 2) Check the box that says Show numbers . 3) Add a few charges to the field, then add some E-field sensors. What do the “E-field sensors” show? Depending on where the E-field sensor is, it shows the direction of the electric field at that spot. It also shows the voltage per meter and what degree it is at. 4) Select, show E-field. How does the color of the arrow relate to the strength of the field? 5) How can you make a charge of +2 nC? -3 nC? You need to put two +1nC charges on top of each other. You do the same thing with the -1nC charges. Take out 3 of them and place them on top of each other.

Part 1 – Field around isolated point charges 6) Draw the field lines for the scenarios below. Make sure you are sketching continuous field lines. 4 nC -2 nC Part 2 – Field around two point charges in a line 7) Draw the field lines for the scenarios below. Make sure you are sketching continuous field lines. Two unequal, unlike point charges Two equal point charges Place a test e-field sensor anywhere on the screen for both scenarios and draw what you see. 8) When you have two like charges in a line – where is the electric field the greatest? Is there ever a point where the field will be zero? 9) When you have two unlike charges in a line – where is the electric field the greatest? Is there ever a point where the field will be zero?

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Part 3 – The field around charge distributions 11) Make a long line of positive charges by placing them very close together. How does the field change as you move down the line of charges? The field 12) Construct a parallel-plate capacitor where a second line of charges equal in size and opposite in charge are placed below the line of positive charges. Examine what the “E-field” is like between the plates using a sensor.

Part 5 – Quantitative analysis of electric field around a single point charge 1. Place a point charge (you may choose whatever charge value it has) in the center of the screen. You can see that the electric field lines are radially symmetric (actually, the field is spherically symmetric). 2. Now move the charge to the top edge of the screen. You will be measuring the electric field at various distances, so you want to be able to use as much distance as possible. 3. Use the tape measure and electric field sensors to record the magnitude of the electric field at various distances. 4. Determine the Electric field as a function of distance . To do this, you can plot the data either in Excel or a TI-83/84 calculator using STATS functions. (HINT: Use “Power Regression” to find the best equation for the data. 5. Graph the data, either by hand (on the next page), or (if computer-generated) on a separate sheet of paper. 6. How does the equation you found for E(r) relate to the equation you learned in class? Distance (m) Electric field (V/m)

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