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(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) PHIL 222: Logic Midterm Exam Study Questions Which of the following arguments are deductively valid? Which are deductively invalid? If the argument has a “famous’ argument form, name the form. (it may not have any, in which case write N/A.) You may use abbreviations such as V: valid; IV: invalid; MP: Modus Ponens; MT: Modus Tollens; AC: Affirming the Consequent; DA: Denying the Antecedent: HS: Hypothetical Syllogism; DS: Disjunctive Syllogism; Dil{Gen): Constructive Dilemma (General Form); Dil{Sp): Constructive Dilemma (Special Form); DNE: Double-Negation Elimination. Donald is wealthy if he has more than a billion dollars. But Donald does not have more than 2 billion dollars. Therefore, Donald is not wealthy. The sky is blue. The sky is cobalt blue only if it is blue. Hence, the sky is cobalt blue. R.ilke isadreamerifheisa poet. Therefore, Rilke is a poet. : Either the “eye for an eye” principle is interpreted literally, or it is interpreted figuratively. If itis interpreted literally, then the state should torture torturers, maim maimers, and rape rapists. If the principle is interpreted figuratively, then it does not necessarily demand death for murderers. So, either the state should torture torturers, maim maimers, and rape rapists, or the “eye for an eye” principle does not necessarily demand death for murderers. If the zygote lacks a brain, then the zygote lacks a soul. If the zygote lacks a soul, then killing the zygote is permissible. So, if the zygote lacks a brain, theg killing the zygote is permjssible. aaut eitherfacts are right (6) Jtis not true thaffacts are rig t bgrause God approves the because God approves the Q od apprgjs of acts because they are rightllherefore, Eod approves of acts because they are right (7) (8) (9) God cannot prevent suffering, then God is not perfect. If God does not want to prevent suffering, then God is not perfect. But either God cannot prevent suffering or God does not want to prevent suffering. So, either way, God is not perfect. The state cannot uphold the value of life by taking it. And if the state cannot uphold the value of life by taking it, then the death penalty should be abolished. Therefore, the death penalty should be abolished. If Mubabak is from Egypt, he is from Africa. Therefore, if Mubabak is not from Egypt, he is not from Africa. (10) If Mary is a psychiatrist, then she is a physician. Mary is not a physician. Therefore, Mary is (11) (12) (13) (14) 115) not a psychiatrist. If Mary is a psychiatrist, then she is a physician. Mary is not a psychiatrist. Therefore, Mary is not a physician. If Mary is a psychiatrist, then she is a physician. Mary is not a physician. Therefare, Mary is a psychiatrist. If you want to ruin your life, you should take hard drugs. But you don’t want to ruin your life. So, you should not take hard drugs. Either the animals used in research are a lot like humans, or they are not a lot like humans. If the animals are a lot like humans, then experimenting on them is morally questionable. If the animals are not a lot like humans, then experimenting on them is pointiess. So, the experiment on them is either morally questionable or pointless. it is not true that Marijuana is not harmful. Marijuana is harmful.