Chapter 3 Notes - PHIL2200

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University of Toronto *

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2200

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Philosophy

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Oct 30, 2023

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3

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Premise indicators can occur in any part of a sentence, and they may simply be implied. Explicit premise indicators include "because," "since," "for," "whereas," "given that," and "the reason is that." Premise Types Linked o Linked premises function together to support a conclusion. o This implies that one, or more, of the premises in an argument cannot function by o itself to prove its conclusion. A classic (philosophical) example of an argument with linked premises follows. o “All humans are mortal, and Socrates is human. So, Socrates is mortal.” o Its standardization looks like this: o P1: All are mortal. o P2: Socrates is human. o MC: Socrates is mortal. Convergent o A convergent premise provides proof for its conclusion independently, not requiring the aid of another premise. You've had practice with this already if you engaged in exercises in Chapter 1. An example of an argument with convergent premises follows. o "Dogs are loving, and they provide structure to your day. Get a puppy!" o The two components of diagramming this argument follow:
o P1: Dogs are loving. o P2: Dogs give structure to your day. o MC: You should get a puppy!
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