Week 1 Discussion and Responses Select a Population from your Community

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Nov 24, 2024

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Select a Population from your Community. The population that I would be discussing is the African American community in the County of Brevard in Florida. Brevard County is located on the east coast of central Florida and has a population of approximately 600,000 residents. Of those residents, eleven percent are African Americans which averages approximately 66,000 individuals (U.S. Census Bureau, 2022). A significant health or health-related problem for your selected population This group is characterized by high poverty rates and a low median yearly income. Interestingly, very low-income adults are more likely to lack health insurance coverage. In Brevard County, 25. 6% of black individuals do not have health insurance coverage compared to 16.8% of white individuals (Brevard County Health Needs Assessment (CHNA), 2022). An hour-long traditional therapy session can range from $65 to $250 for those without insurance. This indeed is a huge burden, particularly for those of low-income. A patient with major depression can spend an average of $10,836 a year on health costs in Brevard County. Therefore, an understanding of culture allows the patient to be more comfortable. It can also help the physician in the diagnoses and treatment of the patient. Every culture has its opinion on whether mental illness is real or imagined, an illness of the mind or the body or both, who is at risk for it, what might cause it, and the level of stigma surrounding it. Mental illness can be more prevalent in certain cultures and communities, but this is also largely determined by whether that disorder is rooted more in genetic or social factors. In the case of Brevard County, social factors have strongly impacted the prevalence of mental health for the African American community. Furthermore, they are also at a higher risk of being subjected to racism, discrimination, and other forms of oppression that can negatively affect health their mental health (Williams-Kelly, 2021). Therefore, the need exists for the development of specific programs in the County to address this very important issue. It's crucial to consider the possibility that African Americans' perspectives on mental health differ from those of other groups, so the program should be tailored to address the needs of this demographic and demonstrate sensitivity to participants' cultural norms. Clinicians, policymakers, healthcare administrators, members of the community, and mental health activists are all important groups to have input from when developing programs. These individuals have a vested interest in the population's well-being and may contribute to making the program more inclusive and responsive to the community's cultural norms. References Williams-Kelly, C. (February, 2021). Mental health in the black community, a silent, growing problem. Brevard Cares. https://brevardcares.org/mental-health-in-black-community-a-silent- growing-problem/ U.S. Census Bureau. (2022). 2022 Brevard County Health Needs Assessment (CHNA), Florida Department of Health. https://brevard.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-services/community- health-planning-and-statistics/community-health-improvement/_documents/brevard-county- community-health-assessment-2022.pdf

Responses Thank you, Nathalie, for your feedback and exchanging to my discussion post. I agree that mental health in the black population is indeed a crisis, and that the covid-19 pandemic has worsened mental health illnesses and racial disparities for communities of color in the United States. The pandemic introduced additional factors that likely contributed to the disparity in mental health care for the Black community both in limiting access to mental health care professionals and by removing other forms of coping that may have substituted for mental health care prior to the pandemic. For that community, sources of informal support were also limited during the pandemic including religious and spiritual resources and familial support as ways of coping with stressors since, in the early months of the pandemic, almost all religious organizations closed their doors which limited engagement. Thomeer et al. (2023) argued that, given that Black churches have historically served an important role in the mental health of Black communities coping with experiences of racism and racialized stress exposure, the closure of these spaces almost certainly harmed the psychological well-being of this group. Reference Thomeer, M. B., Moody, M. D. & Yahirun, J. (2023). Racial and ethnic disparities in mental health and mental health care during the covid-19 pandemic . Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 10 , 961–976. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-022-01284-9 Thank you, Nakisha, for your contribution to this week’s discussion post. Mental health disparities in the Black population are such an important issue and awareness is needed to bring about the changes that are required. I agree with your content and the statistics clearly demonstrate that t he Black population is in dire need of culturally sensitive and effective mental health care. Also worth mentioning is the discrimination of healthcare professionals towards this population. According to Kugelmass (2016), racial minoritized people are more likely to experience discrimination by mental health care professionals as evidenced by audit studies showing major difficulties among Black adults in securing mental health appointments. Significant collateral mental health damage likely emerges because of these barriers, especially within the context of high levels of racism-related stressors. As a result, Black adults are more likely to endure more severe and debilitating episodes of mental illness that go untreated for longer periods of time compared to White adults (Williams et al., 2007). Like Atlanta, Florida is also experiencing a dangerously high level of discrimination in the Black population in terms of mental health and, if it continues to be ignored by those in authority, the consequences can result in irreversible damages the nation. References

Kugelmass H. (2016). “Sorry, I’m not accepting new patients”: An audit study of access to mental health care. Journal of Health Social Behaviors 57 , 168-83. https://doi.org/10.1177/2F0022146516647098 Williams, D. R., Gonzalez, H. M., Neighbors, H., Nesse, R., Abelson, J. M., Sweetman, J., and Jackson, J. S. (2007). Prevalence and distribution of major depressive disorder in African Americans, Caribbean blacks, and non-Hispanic whites: Results from the National Survey of American Life. Arch Gen Psychiatry 64 , 305–315. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.64.3.305 . Hello Nathalie, thank you for raising this very important topic. Raising awareness of the negative impact of HIV/AIDS in this vulnerable population is a step in the right direction. According to a 2017 HIV surveillance report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2017, Miami-Dade County in Florida had the highest annual rate of newly diagnosed HIV infections (42.9 cases per 100 000 residents) of all cities and counties monitored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States. The report noted that this rate was more than twice as high as New York City (17.9), San Francisco (18.5), Los Angeles (15.0), and Washington, DC (18.0). The complex nature of the HIV epidemic in Miami is an example of local challenges surrounding HIV prevention and the fact that no single pharmacological, behavioral, or structural intervention is sufficient to eliminate HIV transmission. Escudero et al. (2019) believe that to address the limitations of any single HIV prevention strategy, various jurisdictions should develop a combination of approaches to prevention, including structural and individual-level prevention strategies tailored to address local epidemics to ensure maximum effect. It is evident that continued efforts must be made to ensure that all risk groups who have had an increase in new diagnoses, benefit from enhanced HIV prevention efforts. Furthermore, research is needed to determine the number of undiagnosed infections in various segments of the at-risk population since there exists a substantial portion of persons who are HIV-infected who are unaware of their HIV status. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). HIV surveillance report. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/library/reports/surveillance/cdc-hiv-surveillance-report-2017-vol- 29.pdf . Escudero, D. J., Bennett, B., Suarez, S., Darrow, W. W., Mayer, K., H., and Seage, G. R. (2019). Progress and challenges in “getting to zero” new HIV infections in Miami, Florida. Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care, 18 . https://doi: 10.1177/2325958219852122

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