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a. Characteristics of this phase are the cervix dilates, on an average, 1.2 em/hr for primiparous women and 1.5 em/hr for multiparous women. Cervical dilation progresses from 4 to 7 cm with effacement of 40% t080%. Fetal descent continues and contractions become more intense, occurring every 2 to 5 minutes withduration of 45 to 60 seconds, and discomfort increases. b. Cervical dilation progresses to 3 cm with effacement of 30, indicating the early or latent phase of labor. c. Cervical dilation progresses to 8 cm with effacement of 80%, indicating the transition phase of labor. d. Cervical dilation of 10 cm with effacement is the end of the first stage of labor. KEY: Integrated Process: Clinical Problem Solving | Cognitive Level: Analysis | Content Area: Maternity | Client Need: Physiological Adaptation | Difficulty Level: Moderate 6. You are caring for a woman in labor who is 6 cm dilated with a reassuring FHT pattern and regularstrong UCs. The fetal heart rate (FHR) should be:a. Monitored continuouslyb. Monitored every 15 minutesc. Monitored every 30 minutesd. Monitored every 60 minutes ANS: c Feedback a. Assessment of fetal heart rate (FHR) during the active phase of labor with a reassuring FHR is notindicated continuously. b. Assessment of fetal heart rate (FHR) during the active phase of labor with a reassuring FHR is notindicated every 15 minutes. c. Assessment of fetal heart rate (FHR) during the active phase of labor with a reassuring FHR isindicated every 30 minutes. d. Assessment of fetal heart rate (FHR) during the active phase of labor with a reassuring FHR isindicated every 30 minutes, not every 60 minutes. Maternal-Newbom Nursing: The Crtical Components Of Nursing Care, 3rd Edition, Roberta Durham, Linda Chapman KEY: Integrated Process: Clinical Problem Solving | Cognitive Level: Application | Content Area:Maternity | Client Need: Physiological Adaptation | Difficulty Level: Moderate 7. A woman you are caring for in labor requests an epidural for pain relief in labor. Included in your preparation for epidural placement is a baseline set of vital signs. The most common vital sign to changeafter epidural placement:a. Blood pressure, hypotension b. Blood pressure, hypertension c. Pulse, tachycardia d. Pulse, bradycardiaANS: a Feedback a. Blood pressure, hypotension, as up to 40% of women may experience hypotension. Hypotension is defined as systolic BP <100 mm Hg or 20% decrease in BP from preanesthesia levels. Intravenous bolusis typically given to decrease the incidence of hypotension. b. Blood pressure, hypertension is incorrect because hypotension is the common complication afterepidural placement. c. Pulse, tachycardia is incorrect because hypotension is the common complication after epiduralplacement.