NURS-FPX4030_WellsBreanna_Assessment3-1

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Running Head: USING PICOT FRAMEWORK 1 Using a PICO (T) Framework and Evidence to Develop Care Practices Breanna L. Wells Capella University Making Evidenced-Based Decisions PICO (T) Framework and Evidence to Develop Care Practices January 2020

USING PICOT FRAMEWORK 2 Using a PICO (T) Framework and Evidence to Develop Care Practices The PICOT form of questions can be defined as a guide to learning necessary for starting evidence-based practice (EBP). The term PICOT is formed by abbreviations, where (P) represents the population being affected,(I) represents intervention measures, (C) represents a comparison to other forms of care (O) represents the outcomes and (T) represents the time that is needed for to achieve the best practice. In the exploration of answers to my question, I will search for article Journals from different databases. The PICO (T) approach for Medication errors Under this study, the specific ways that will be examined will be finding interdisciplinary ways to reduce medical errors within the healthcare setting. The goal of reducing medical errors will be to increase patient safety in healthcare organizations. In particular, the question to be examined under this study is: For patients in an acute care setting with medical needs, how efficient is reinforcing communication against computer literacy increases, causes a reduction in medication error cases over the next five years? In the disintegration of PICOT, we can know everything that we want. In (P), we already know who is being affected by this scenario. Before addressing (I), it is, therefore, necessary the carry out research to establish a case or past events of medical errors. Medical mistakes in this question are the variable (dependent variable) that needs to be regulated and where the Evidence-Based Practice is established. Under (C), we shall be comparing which method is useful in finding the solution to the issues under study. It will require two control groups, one shall be evaluated on communication skills, and the other will be evaluated on computer literacy. It will be necessary to research the two groups above to establish which EBP models have been effectively applied. (O) Will be our next step; under this step, this

USING PICOT FRAMEWORK 3 will involve the determination of the outcomes of the selected model. We shall look at the result between the two control groups. (T) Will be the period in which the variables will be examined, and this is five years. Identification of Pieces of evidence Medical errors caused by communication Evidence shows that there are three kinds of medical mistakes, and these are; firstly, the nurse fails to challenge the decision or the resident not to seek help. It happens when the nurse feels determined in a situation where an expert on a particular issue is needed. Secondly, a medical professional intentionally omits a procedure due to personal or any other kind of biases. It usually happens when certain privileges requested by medical practitioners are not made, or they have delays. Therefore, they use the omission mechanism as a silent communication to the management. Lastly, the resident chooses not to awake the physician in the middle of the night and to put the patient into unnecessary risk. It can be due to fear or the ignorance of the person responsible. The above three are the most common sources of medical errors in healthcare organizations. Pieces of evidence also show that medical errors caused by communication results from factors such as poorly documented records that can lead to switching of files, poor communication about the medical conditions of the patient, and failure to check patients records. Medical errors caused by computer illiteracy According to medical evidence, there are several ways through which medical errors can result due to computer illiteracy. Firstly, medical errors can occur due to the switching of medical records or therapeutic procedures. This can result in instances such as illegal medical operations such as in ICUs. Medical errors associated with computer literacy include the switching of

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USING PICOT FRAMEWORK 4 electronic health records (EHR). Other pieces of evidence show that computer literacy causes other problems such as misapplication of medical procedures or use of the wrong process in the execution of medical tasks. Findings from Articles Several articles have presented vital information regarding the reduction of medical errors in healthcare organizations. Most of the researches consider effective communication as the primary step needed for making healthcare a safer place. It is owed to the fact that a large percentage of medical errors have resulted due to poor communication among different medical professionals. According to Shitu(2018), poor communication has been considered as the primary cause of medical errors in healthcare. The author says that medical errors such as delayed treatment and the failure of the medical practitioners to use simple language have been the major contributor to medical errors. Dingley et al. (2016) examine the communication strategies that can be employed to improve communication and reduce medical errors. They established that more effective and efficient connections could be built in an acute care unit if teamwork and communication strategies are implemented within healthcare organizations. Shakar and Faroog(2013), in their research, examines the significance of computer literacy on healthcare professionals. In their study, they establish that computer literacy among healthcare professionals plays a significant role because it helps in finding new medical information. Thus, computer literacy is thought to improve the quality of healthcare provided. Alotaibi and Federico(2017) examine the impact of information technology on patient's safety. In their research, they establish that integration of information technology in healthcare can significantly reduce medical errors. Biley (2020) examines the statistics of the number of deaths that have

USING PICOT FRAMEWORK 5 been caused by medical mistakes. She establishes that over 1,744 resulted due to poor communication between the medication practitioners and the patients. She gives a case where a patient dies due to poor communication. The case involved a message from a diabetic patient who never received help because the doctor did not make a follow up on her health condition. She also presents another case where the nurse failed to report the health conditions of the patient who was experiencing abdominal pain and significantly dropped in the red blood cells. The patient later died of illness. She concludes by saying that communication issues form 30 percent of matters of malpractice issues have been due to poor communication. The relevance of the articles Shitu(2018), in his essays, explains some of the consequences that are associated with medical errors caused by poor communication. His information is backed up by the idea of Biley(2020), who gives the statistics of how adverse the problem of poor communication has been on patient's safety. Dingley et al. (2016) explain the significance of the adoption of an effective communication strategy in healthcare. Their research shows how communication is significant to the positive outcomes of patients with acute health issues. However, the study was done by Shakar and Faroog(2013), and Alotaibi and Federico(2017) show how the cause of medical errors is indirectly linked to computer literacy and health issues. Conclusion Therefore, it has been established through this research that reinforcement of communication strategy will have a positive outcome within five years as compared to the support of computer literacy. Nevertheless, the analysis of the articles used in the study shows that computer literacy

USING PICOT FRAMEWORK 6 strategy will still depend on communication strategy. It is because computer literacy strategy is dependent on human efforts.

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USING PICOT FRAMEWORK 7 References Shitu, Z., Hassan, I., Aung, M. M. T., Kamaruzaman, T. H. T., & Musa, R. M. (2018). Avoiding medication errors through effective communication in a healthcare environment. Malaysian Journal of Movement, Health & Exercise , 7 (1). Dingley, C., Daugherty, K., & Derieg, M. K. (2016). Improving Patient Safety Through Provider Communication Strategy Enhancements. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Adv Patient Saf New Directions Alternate Approach , 3 . BAILEY, M. (2020). Communication failures linked to 1,744 patient deaths in five years. Retrieved 4 February 2020, from https://www.statnews.com/2016/02/01/communication- failures-malpractice-study/ Shaker, H. A., & Farooq, M. U. (2013). Computer literacy improvement needs: physicians' self assessment in the makkah region. Oman medical journal , 28 (6), 450. Alotaibi, Y. K., & Federico, F. (2017). The impact of health information technology on patient safety. Saudi medical journal , 38 (12), 1173–1180. doi:10.15537/smj.2017.12.20631

NURS-FPX4030_WellsBreanna_Assessment3-1

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