Module1casestudy
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School
Pueblo Community College *
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Course
204
Subject
Medicine
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
Pages
6
Uploaded by UltraPartridgePerson942
Lisa Manco (Renz)
S02979756
Module 1 Case Study
Part One:
1.
Summarize the caller's concerns.
The caller wants clarification regarding a Facebook post that asserts a scientist created Covid-19
as a biological weapon. The caller wants the truth regarding the origination of the virus.
2.
Identify the caller’s questions and rephrase them into scientific questions you can answer.
Was Covid-19 created in a lab?
Was Covid-19 intended to be used for biological warfare?
Where was Covid-19’s origination?
3.
Use the sources in the case study (and other sources you may have found) to summarize the scientific information that
will help answer the caller’s questions.
“
Our analyses clearly show that SARS-CoV-2 is not a laboratory construct or a purposefully
manipulated virus.”
“It is improbable that SARS-CoV-2 emerged through laboratory manipulation of a related
SARS-CoV-like coronavirus.
Furthermore, if genetic manipulation had been performed, one of the
several reverse-genetic systems available for betacoronaviruses would probably have been used.
However, the genetic data irrefutably show that SARS-CoV-2 is not derived from any previously used
virus backbone”
Andersen, K.G., Rambaut, A., Lipkin, W.I.
et al.
The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2.
Nat Med
26
,
450–452 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0820-9
“Genetic analysis shows this virus is not man-made.”
Kazseta, Daniel. No, the Coronavirus is not a biological weapon.
The Washington Post,
(2020).
Regarding the origin, President Biden, released the following statement:
Today, I am pleased to sign into law S. 619, the “COVID-19 Origin Act of 2023.” I share the
Congress’s goal of releasing as much information as possible about the origin of Coronavirus Disease 2019
(COVID–19). In 2021, I directed the Intelligence Community to use every tool at its disposal to
investigate the origin of COVID-19, and that work is ongoing. We need to get to the bottom of COVID-19’s
origins to help ensure we can better prevent future pandemics. My Administration will continue to review
all classified information relating to COVID–19’s origins, including potential links to the Wuhan Institute
of Virology. In implementing this legislation, my Administration will declassify and share as much of that
information as possible, consistent with my constitutional authority to protect against the disclosure of
information that would harm national security.
JOSEPH R. BIDEN JR.
THE WHITE HOUSE,
March 20, 2023
.
4.
Indicate the type of sources used to answer the caller’s questions and why it is important to use such evidence-based
sources rather than popular sources such as those found on social media.
The research articles and health organization websites provide documented research backed by
scientific data that will help answer the caller’s question. The new law, S.19, will provide the
ongoing facts to the public.
5.
How will you respond to the caller’s concerns and questions? What will you say to the caller?
I would reiterate to the caller that Facebook is not a trustworthy source. I would commend them for
calling as a method to further their fact finding. I would ask them if they would like an email directing
them to specific scientific data and research articles or if they prefer I provide the information orally. I
would direct them to the Health Organization websites as a potential starting point for answers that are
proven to be credible.
Part Two:
1.
Summarize the caller's concerns.
The caller saw a tweet on social media from a respected official commanding that people stop purchasing
masks. He noticed that people are still actively wearing them in his area. He wants clarification if he
should discontinue the use of face masks. Finally, he is curious if face masks provide the same level of
protection on a personal level, as they do to the medical personnel.
2.
Identify the caller’s questions and rephrase them into scientific questions you can answer.
Should I wear a mask?
Are there specific areas people are actively wearing masks?
Why would masks help medical personnel, but not the general public?
3.
Use the sources in the case study (and other sources you may have found) to summarize the scientific information that
will help answer the caller’s questions.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has a very easy to navigate webpage,
www.who.int
. It
has a question and answer section pertaining to masks, that includes the following:
“
When deciding to wear a mask or not, the following should be considered:
●
If COVID-19 infections are increasing in your community or there is an increase in those being
hospitalized for COVID-19
●
When your community has low levels of population immunity (such as low vaccination
coverage)
●
The overall status of your health”
The New York Times and Dynata have compiled a detailed list on the estimated prevalence of
mask-wearing in counties in the United States,
mask-use-by-county.csv
file. (
Raw CSV
)
4.
Indicate the type of sources used to answer the caller’s questions and why it is important to use such evidence-based
sources rather than popular sources such as those found on social media.
Evidence based sources and internationally recognized health organizations provide the facts
and research data and/or experiments by experts and distinguished scholars in the sciences.
Social media has posts based solely on opinions and it may contain predominantly false
information or sources
.
5.
How will you respond to the caller’s concerns and questions? What will you say to the caller?
First, I would commend the caller for taking the initiative to call the hotline as a method to fact
find. I would reiterate to the caller that social media is not a trustworthy source. I would convey
that the specific tweet shouldn’t be taken literally without knowing the facts leading to the
statement. I would let them know their questions were excellent. I would ask them if they
would like an email directing them to specific scientific data and research articles or if they
prefer I provide the information orally. I would specifically mention the WHO website as a
starting point for current and up to date answers regarding masks
.
Part Three:
1.
Summarize the caller's concerns.
The caller has an active case of covid-19 and is currently quarantining per doctor’s order. They
heard the President mention a medication that provides the cure. Would their remaining
antibiotics provide effective treatment? Would homeopathic remedies, like gargling salt water,
limit germs from reaching their lungs?
2.
Identify the caller’s questions and rephrase them into scientific questions you can answer.
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Could medication, such as Chloroquine, cure active COVID cases?
Does gargling salt water hinder the covid germs from reaching the lungs?
3.
Use the sources in the case study (and other sources you may have found) to summarize the scientific information that
will help answer the caller’s questions.
Chloroquine phosphate, an historical medication for treatment of malaria, is shown to have
obvious usefulness and provision against COVID-19 related pneumonia in empirical research
trials conducted in China. The prescription is suggested to be included in the next chapter of the
Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Pneumonia Caused by COVID-19
announced by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China for
management of COVID-19 contagion in greater communities in the coming.
Gao J, Tian Z, Yang X. Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in
treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies. Biosci Trends. 2020 Mar
16;14(1):72-73. doi: 10.5582/bst.2020.01047. Epub 2020 Feb 19. PMID: 32074550.
Chloroquine, a popular anti-malarial and autoimmune medication, has been declared as a
potential vast array antiviral agent. Chloroquine is known to hamper virus contaminations by
expanding endosomal pH mandated for virus/cell fusion, as well as mendling with the
glycosylation of cellular receptors of SARS-CoV.
Wang, M., et al. 2020. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged
novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Research 30: 269–71.
<
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0
>.
Capt. Terra Forward, chief of Fort Leonard Wood’s Department of Public Health, says “While
gargling salt water may sooth a sore throat, it won’t work to stop infection with COVID-19 or any
other virus,” she said. “Interestingly, this myth was spread on social media as a cure for SARS,
MERS, and Zika as well, but there is no evidence that gargling warm water with salt or a vinegar
solution prevents any viral infection.”
4.
Indicate the type of sources used to answer the caller’s questions and why it is important to use such evidence-based
sources rather than popular sources such as those found on social media.
Scholarly articles would be the best sources to answer the caller’s question. They are credible
based on the rigorous peer review processes. They are written by well known experts in the
field and have been studied extensively. The following link is based on finding factual Covid
data, https://www.defense.gov/Spotlights/Coronavirus-DOD-Response/.
5.
How will you respond to the caller’s concerns and questions? What will you say to the caller?
I would let them know that I’m sorry to hear about their current Covid-19 diagnosis. I would
express the importance of following their current physician orders and to call them directly
regarding alternate treatments.
I would recommend they call the pharmacist about their
leftover antibiotics and how to properly dispose of them. I would commend them for calling to
further their knowledge about Covid-19. I would proceed with recommending research articles
and specific health organization websites to assist with factual evidence via email or verbally.
Part Four:
1.
Summarize the caller's concerns.
The caller has heard from sources that Covid-19 targets the elderly population. They are curious
as to why the younger generations have to be confined to their homes and restricted from
gathering with their peers.
2.
Identify the caller’s questions and rephrase them into scientific questions you can answer.
Does Covid-19 only affect the elderly?
Are there scientific studies explaining the effectiveness of quarantining?
3.
Use the sources in the case study (and other sources you may have found) to summarize the scientific information that
will help answer the caller’s questions.
Per the CDC, Covid-19 is spread through respiratory aerosols . Some carriers of the virus appear
symptomless. If these people do not follow CDC protocols of physical distancing, mask-wearing,
and frequent hand sanitation, these carriers may be able to unknowingly transmit the virus to
even more susceptible people. The impaired immunity level makes people extremely
susceptible.
Senior director of infection prevention at John Hopkins, Lisa Maragakis, M.D., M.P.H. says
younger people are affected, though their cases may not be as severe or require hospitalization.
The average latency period is about 5 days, ranging from one day to two weeks. 95% of patients
are symptomatic within 12.5 days of exposure , However, a symptomless carrier was reported
and the waiting time frame was 19 days.
Bai Y, Yao L, Wei T, et al. Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19. JAMA.
2020.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2565
. [published online ahead of print February 21,
2020].
He, F., Y. Deng, and W. Li. 2020. Coronavirus disease 2019: what we know? Journal of Medical
Virology (ahead of print). <
https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25766
>.
4.
Indicate the type of sources used to answer the caller’s questions and why it is important to use such evidence-based
sources rather than popular sources such as those found on social media.
International recognized peer-reviewed studies have contained the most solid facts about
Covid-19.
I would also refer the caller to the reputable John Hopkins website, which offers
various studies and articles.
5.
How will you respond to the caller’s concerns and questions? What will you say to the caller?
I would commend the caller for contacting the hotline to further their knowledge based on
factual information. I would relay the current studies referenced and follow up with an email to
ensure they had adequate material at their disposal. Finally, I would explain that the notable
studies and acclaimed sources state that quarantine control measures will help COVID-19
infected countries to prevent the epidemic effectively.
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