Order 2297735 Decision Making REVISED

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Kenyatta University *

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Management

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Nov 24, 2024

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1 EDU 300 A05 Research Paper Student's name: Institution Affiliation: Instructor's name: Course: Date:

2 Techniques used in decision making Decision-making is the process of collecting data, evaluating available resolutions, and identifying the most effective course of action. The procedure is used as a managerial technique and organizational process (Abubakar et al., 2019). Brainstorming, nominal group technique, consensus marking, possibility ranking, identification of pros and cons, weighted scoring, decision tree, the Delphi technique, didactic interaction, and stepladder strategy. Application of decision-making techniques Decision making technique Application Brainstorming Brainstorming allows decision-makers to present different ideas which are evaluated to determine the most effective approach. Nominal group technique The nominal group technique allows each member to cast a vote based on the ideas presented in brainstorming (Dagher, 2021). Each member has the opportunity to explain why they voted for a specific decision and why they feel that it is the most effective decision. Consensus marking Consensus mapping entails presenting different ideas, which are narrowed down into manageable ideas effective in handling a situation or problem (Dagher, 2021). Possibility ranking Possibility ranking is used to decide through voting whereby the decision-makers rank different approaches and develop a consensus. Identification of pros and cons Identifying pros and cons, also identified as

3 dialectical inquiry, is one of the most effective decision-making techniques. It entails dividing decision-making teams into two groups based on those advocating for the idea and those against it (Dagher, 2021). Weighted scoring Weighted scoring is used to evaluate ideas presented by team members (Dagher, 2021). The ideas are evaluated against factors like risks, value, and cost. Decision tree The decision tree technique is used to highlight the outcomes of potential decisions. Decision-makers develop creative ideas, determine their potential outcomes, and determine the final decision. The Delphi technique The Delphi technique is applied as an effective method of reaching a consensus for major group decisions. The team leader compiles ideas presented by other members and evaluates them to identify the idea with the best possible outcome. Team members develop a collective agreement on the most effective idea which makes the final decision. Didactic interaction Didactic interaction is used to make decisions that significantly impact an organization or entity (Dagher, 2021). Team members hold extensive discussions that

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4 elaborate ideas when the right decision- making opportunity arises. Stepladder strategy The step ladder technique helps team members provide authentic and honest opinions. Decisions are made based on collective ideas shared by team members. Decision-making models Decision-making models are applied based on the situation of problems that need to be addressed. Rational, intuitive, creative, and bounded rationality are the four decision-making models used to make effective choices (Chand, 2021). Decision-making model Application Rational model Decision-makers use the rational model to maximize the outcome of their decisions. The model ensures the collection and quantification of information used to reach a consensus. The intuitive model The intuitive model is applied when team members have unclear goals. Team members experience the impending problem, which helps them evaluate the surroundings to identify patterns that provide effective solutions (Chand, 2021). The model helps teams make decisions without intense reasoning. Creative decision-making model Creative decision-making model is used in situations where the expected solutions are

5 not clear. Creativity is an essential requirement for effective decision-makers since it involves realistic planning and evaluation (Chand, 2021). The model provides decision-makers with quality time to evaluate the issues and develop new solutions. Bounded rationality model The bounded rationality model is applied when decision-makers have limited time to make effective decisions and do not maximize the expected outcome. Team members use the model to make a decision that is good enough but not the best. References Abubakar, A. M., Elrehail, H., Alatailat, M. A., & Elçi, A. (2019). Knowledge management, decision-making style, and organizational performance. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 4(2), 104-114. Chand, S (2021). Models of Decision Making: Rational, Administrative, and Retrospective Decision Making Models. Your Article Library. Retrieved from: https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/decision-making/models-of-decision-making-rational- administrative-and-retrospective-decision-making-models/25658

6 Dagher, K. (2021). 10 of the Most Effective Group Decision Making Techniques. Fellow. Retrieved from: https://fellow.app/blog/productivity/group-decision-making-techniques/

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