Week_1_Notes
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Course
CYB 225
Subject
Information Systems
Date
Dec 6, 2023
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docx
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kernel ring buffer: A special ring buffer in memory in which the Linux system copies boot messages.
x86: A family of 32-bit type CPU chips.
software as a service (SaaS) × A cloud computing model that provides an environment for developers to install applications.
private cloud computing × The storage of computer software and/or data on a local network resource(s), rather than storing it on a user's computer.
platform as a service (PaaS) × A cloud computing model that provides an operating system and development libraries to develop applications.
bit × A single binary digit that stores a 0 or 1 value.
kernel × The core of a Linux system that manages memory and CPU time and provides interfaces to hardware for applications.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) × A cloud computing model that provides computing resources, such as CPU time, memory, storage, and network capacity.
fork × A case in which a single project splits into two projects because different groups of developers have diverging goals.
distribution × A combination of a Linux kernel, utilities, applications, startup scripts, and package management tools.
cloud computing × An environment that provides the ability to deliver computing resources across the Internet.
source package × A software package that contains source code files that must be compiled for an application to run.
shrink-wrap license × A legal document, modifying rights granted to the creative work by copyright law.
patent × A legally recognized right to create a copy of a single idea, an invention, or a software algorithm.
Apache × An open source web server that is derived from the first web server application.
Lesser GPL (LGPL) × A license that is a variant of the General Public License (GPL), which is often used with libraries.
graphical user interface (GUI) × A set of programs that allows a user to interact with a computer system via icons, windows, and various other visual elements.
General Public License (GPL) × The license used by the Linux kernel that grants the right to redistribute the software, including both the source code and binaries.
free software × A software license that provides the freedom to use software for any purpose, examine the source code and modify it as users see fit, redistribute software, and redistribute modified software.
fair use × The law of the United States that permits limited use of copyrighted material without having to
first acquire permission from a copyright holder.
Creative Commons × An organization that has a suite of six licenses, which are aimed at creators and their audio recordings, video recordings, textual works, and so forth.
copyleft × A term referring to the Free Software Foundation's philosophy and the licenses it inspires.
click-through license × A digital prompt that offers the opportunity to accept or decline a digitally-
mediated policy to individuals.
terminal program × A program that allows access to the shell and manages the interaction between a user and the shell. It can be started manually in the GUI or automatically for text-mode logins.
microkernel × A style of kernel development where kernel functions, which run the OS environment, are split between separate programs instead of being included in one large program.
freeware × A model that allows program authors to release their executable files or programs to the public without charge but also without any warranty or rights to decompile the file or program.
cooperative multitasking × A multitasking technique that enables two or more programs to cooperatively
share the processing time and resources of the host processor.
file server × A computer or program that stores and manages files for clients.
monolithic kernel × A style of kernel development where kernel functions that run the OS environment are all performed in the same program instead of being split between multiple programs.
server × A program that provides services, such as printing or file transfers.
shareware × A program that is released on the honor system for payment.
Berkeley Source Definition (BSD) license × A license that allows code modifications to be distributed under other licenses and is primarily used by the open source BSD OSs.
click-wrap license × A license agreement that a user digitally agrees to, typically by clicking the “I Agree” button.
copyright × A legally recognized right to create a copy of a single creative work, which can be considered an expression of an idea.
end-user license agreement (EULA) × A legal contract between a software application author or publisher and a user of that application.
free and open source software (FOSS) × An umbrella term that refers to both the free software and open source software.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) × A permissive free software license, originating at the MIT in the late 1980s.
GNU Free Documentation License (FDL) × A variant of the General Public License (GPL) often used with documentation instead of programs.
license × A legal document modifying rights granted to the creative work by copyright law.
bounty × A crowdfunding method where a programmer who completes a project first is allowed to collect the 'project's accumulated funds.
Open Source Initiative (OSI) × A non-profit organization that promotes open source software and approves open source licenses.
permissive × A license that allows users to copy, share, and modify software.
site license × A license for a proprietary software program that grants an organization a right to make a designated number of copies of the program.
trademark × The name for legally protected names, logos, and similar identifiers of a specific company or
its product.
compile × A process in which a programming language in a software program is turned into a numeric language that a computer understands before the program is executed.
embedded computer × A specialized device that fulfills a specific purpose, such as a mobile phone, E-
book readers, and so on.
Internet of Things (IoT) × A small network of small devices that can sense physical conditions and control systems based on those conditions.
interpreter × A program that turns a programming language into a numeric language, which a computer understands while a software program is running.
level × An organization method used for nodes in info pages.
binary package × A software package that contains executable programs that are CPU-specific.
processor × The brain of a computer that does most of the computer's actual computing and is also called the central processing unit (CPU).
public cloud computing × The storage of computer software and/or data over the Internet, rather than locally storing it on a user's computer.
x86-64 × A family of 64-bit type CPU chips.
binary × A compiled program or an executable file.
List the features that are commonly found in graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Back: click to flip Program launchers, file managers, window controls, multiple desktops, and logout options.
In text mode, after you log in you will see a ________ _______, which allows you to start programs and utilities. Back: click to flip command prompt
Name some components that are contained within an operating system. Back: click to flip The kernel, command-line shells, graphical user interface, utility programs, libraries, and productivity programs.
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The terms _____ and _____ are used as umbrella terms that refer to both free, and open source software and development. Back: click to flip free and open source (FOSS) and free/libre open source software (FLOSS)
The _____ was founded as an umbrella organization for open source software and advocates open source in the business world. Back: click to flip Open Source Initiative (OSI)
Name the open source licenses or license suites. Back: click to flip The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL), GNU Lesser General Public License (GNU LGPL), Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Apache.
The _____ organization has the goal of helping the creative culture of combating problems with permissions related to copyrights on earlier works. Back: click to flip Creative Commons
The variant of the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL) that is used for software libraries is the _____. Back: click to flip Lesser GPL (LGPL)
Name the Free Software Foundation's (FSF) freedom categories. Back: click to flip Freedom to use the software for any purpose, freedom to examine the source code and modify it as you see fit, freedom to redistribute the software, and freedom to redistribute your modified software.
Name the main categories of software development. Back: click to flip Commercial software, shareware software, freeware, and open source software.
Name the benefits of open source software. Back: click to flip Better code, more flexibility, lower cost, and lack of vendor lock-in
List server programs that run on Linux. Back: click to flip Apache, Sendmail, MySQL, Samba, the Common
Unix Printing System (CUPS), the Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND), the Network Time Protocol (NTP), and the Virtual Network Computing (VNC)
________ _________ are specialized devices that fulfill a specific purpose, such as mobile phone, Internet of Things (IoT) monitors, and so on. Back: click to flip Embedded computers
The two popular types of OS kernels are __________ and ___________. Linux is an example of a ____________ kernel. Back: click to flip monolithic and microkernel; monolithic
Linus Torvalds created Linux as a ____-compatible OS kernel. Back: click to flip Unix
Apache Back: click to flip An open source web server that is derived from the first web server application.
Berkeley Source Definition (BSD) license Back: click to flip A license that allows code modifications to be distributed under other licenses and is primarily used by the open source BSD OSs.
binary Back: click to flip A compiled program or an executable file.
binary package Back: click to flip A software package that contains executable programs that are CPU-
specific.
bit Back: click to flip A single binary digit that stores a 0 or 1 value.
bounty Back: click to flip A crowdfunding method where a programmer who completes a project first is allowed to collect the 'project's accumulated funds.
click-through license Back: click to flip A digital prompt that offers the opportunity to accept or decline a digitally-mediated policy to individuals.
click-wrap license Back: click to flip A license agreement that a user digitally agrees to, typically by clicking the “I Agree” button.
cloud computing Back: click to flip An environment that provides the ability to deliver computing resources across the Internet.
compile Back: click to flip A process in which a programming language in a software program is turned into a numeric language that a computer understands before the program is executed.
copyleft Back: click to flip A term referring to the Free Software Foundation's philosophy and the licenses
it inspires.
copyright Back: click to flip A legally recognized right to create a copy of a single creative work, which can
be considered an expression of an idea.
Creative Commons Back: click to flip An organization that has a suite of six licenses, which are aimed at creators and their audio recordings, video recordings, textual works, and so forth.
distribution Back: click to flip A combination of a Linux kernel, utilities, applications, startup scripts, and package management tools.
embedded computer Back: click to flip A specialized device that fulfills a specific purpose, such as a mobile phone, E-book readers, and so on.
end-user license agreement (EULA) Back: click to flip A legal contract between a software application author or publisher and a user of that application.
fair use Back: click to flip The law of the United States that permits limited use of copyrighted material without having to first acquire permission from a copyright holder.
fork Back: click to flip A case in which a single project splits into two projects because different groups of developers have diverging goals.
free and open source software (FOSS) Back: click to flip An umbrella term that refers to both the free software and open source software.
free software Back: click to flip A software license that provides the freedom to use software for any purpose, examine the source code and modify it as users see fit, redistribute software, and redistribute modified software.
General Public License (GPL) Back: click to flip The license used by the Linux kernel that grants the right to redistribute the software, including both the source code and binaries.
GNU Free Documentation License (FDL) Back: click to flip A variant of the General Public License (GPL) often used with documentation instead of programs.
graphical user interface (GUI) Back: click to flip A set of programs that allows a user to interact with a computer system via icons, windows, and various other visual elements.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Back: click to flip A cloud computing model that provides computing resources, such as CPU time, memory, storage, and network capacity.
Internet of Things (IoT) Back: click to flip A small network of small devices that can sense physical conditions and control systems based on those conditions.
interpreter Back: click to flip A program that turns a programming language into a numeric language, which a computer understands while a software program is running.
kernel Back: click to flip The core of a Linux system that manages memory and CPU time and provides interfaces to hardware for applications.
kernel ring buffer Back: click to flip A special ring buffer in memory in which the Linux system copies boot
messages.
Lesser GPL (LGPL) Back: click to flip A license that is a variant of the General Public License (GPL), which is
often used with libraries.
level Back: click to flip An organization method used for nodes in info pages.
license Back: click to flip A legal document modifying rights granted to the creative work by copyright law.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Back: click to flip A permissive free software license, originating at the MIT in the late 1980s.
Open Source Initiative (OSI) Back: click to flip A non-profit organization that promotes open source software and approves open source licenses.
patent Back: click to flip A legally recognized right to create a copy of a single idea, an invention, or a software algorithm.
permissive Back: click to flip A license that allows users to copy, share, and modify software.
platform as a service (PaaS) Back: click to flip A cloud computing model that provides an operating system and development libraries to develop applications.
private cloud computing Back: click to flip The storage of computer software and/or data on a local network resource(s), rather than storing it on a user's computer.
processor Back: click to flip The brain of a computer that does most of the computer's actual computing and is also called the central processing unit (CPU).
public cloud computing Back: click to flip The storage of computer software and/or data over the Internet, rather than locally storing it on a user's computer.
shrink-wrap license Back: click to flip A legal document, modifying rights granted to the creative work by copyright law.
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site license Back: click to flip A license for a proprietary software program that grants an organization a right to make a designated number of copies of the program.
software as a service (SaaS) Back: click to flip A cloud computing model that provides an environment for
developers to install applications.
source package Back: click to flip A software package that contains source code files that must be compiled for an application to run.
trademark Back: click to flip The name for legally protected names, logos, and similar identifiers of a specific company or its product.
x86 Back: click to flip A family of 32-bit type CPU chips.
x86-64 Back: click to flip A family of 64-bit type CPU chips.