HIS206 Final Paper Support Info
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Ashford University *
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206
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History
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Feb 20, 2024
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Final Paper Preparation Worksheet
This template will help you prepare for your final paper by organizing the information for your final paper, walking you through the process of defining your topic, researching, and analyzing primary and secondary sources, creating an annotated bibliography, and crafting a thesis. Once you have completed the worksheet submit it to the online classroom for grading. After your instructor has graded the worksheet, please be sure to use it and the feedback provided to you by your instructor as you construct your final paper. Please write in black or a contrasting font.
1. Identification of Subject:
Identify the group that you selected in week 1 of the course. Your final paper will focus on this group and how this group has experienced American history.
As a reminder, the groups were:
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African Americans
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Native Americans
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Women
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Immigrants
Which topic have you chosen?
Native Americans
2. Events
Choose FOUR specific events relating to your group that you plan to discuss in your final paper. The events should help you explain the changes that occurred for this group from 1877 to the present, including the challenges and achievements that are a part of that group’s history. ⦁
Two events must be from the period between 1877 and 1945
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Two events must be from the period 1945 to the present. At least one event from each period should focus on the political and/or civil rights of the chosen group.
It is recommended that you consult the HIS 206 Timeline in selecting your events, especially for the period 1945- present, as those are covered in the last two weeks of the course.
On this worksheet and in your final paper, be sure to discuss the events you have chosen in the order in which they happened. This will help you put together a project that makes historical sense. If you need help with finding events or sources, go to the HIS 206 Final Paper Support Page.
If you are having trouble completing this form or have questions, be sure to contact your instructor.
For each event please state:
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The name of the event
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When it took place ⦁
Where in the US it occurred
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Who was involved
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What circumstances contributed to the event ⦁
How this event was historically significant
Event 1 (1877 – 1945): The Carlisle Institute ⦁
When it took place The Carlisle Institute was founded by Richard Pratt in 1879.
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Where in the US it occurred
The boarding school was located in Carlisle, Pennsylvania.
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Who was involved
This was again the first off reservation boarding school established by Richard Pratt which was an army officer. It involved Native American children being forcefully sent to the school.
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What circumstances contributed to the event Many Americans/politicians at the time believed that education was another way to assimilate Natives into White American society. ⦁
How this event was historically significant
The Carlisle Institute was significant in Native American history because it was a way to strip Native American children from their heritage. The school aimed to teach children with White American values, moral guidance, and the English language. The goal was to eliminate Native American culture and traditions. Having opperated the school successfully it influenced more Indian boarding schools to be opened across the United States. Event 2 (1877 – 1945): Dawes Act
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When it took place Congress passed the Dawes Severalty Act in 1887.
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Where in the US it occurred
The Dawes Act applied to Native American lands across the entire United States, mostly where Native American tribes had larger pieces of land, which was then segreated into small plots.
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Who was involved
The Dawes Act was established by Senator Henry Dawes and later passed in congress. The first tribes to be affected were the Native American Sioux tribe.
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What circumstances contributed to the event American reformers believed that the communial landholding of Native Americans were a barrier to their assimilation into White American culture. There was pressure towards the American government to open "unused" land to White American settlement under the Homestead Act. ⦁
How this event was historically significant
The Dawes Severalty Act had a monumental impact to Native American communities. "It divided tribal lands that were formerly held in common by the entire community into 160-acre plots for families and smaller plots for individuals"(Barnes, 2015). With their land being divided up it resulted in the loss of two-thirds of their total holdings. The Dawes Act also impacted Natives cultural practices and their way of living. Traditionally on communal lands, which affected their social structure and contributed to socioeconomic challenges for many communities. Event 3 (1945 – present): Trail of Broken Treaties ⦁
When it took place The Trail of Broken Treaties took place in November of 1972.
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Where in the US it occurred
This event started on the West Coast but involved a carvan of Native American activists who traveled from multiple part of the U.S., leading to Washington, D.C.
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Who was involved
A large number of Native American groups and activists organized a protest which was originally organized by a group called (AIM), the American Indian Movement. ⦁
What circumstances contributed to the event Centuries of broken promises by the United States government towards Native Amerians led to this protest. Many Native Americans were stuck in ongoing political struggles over land rights. Most were also going through poverty and health issues which led to this event. ⦁
How this event was historically significant
The Trail of Broken Treaties was a movement which activists and protesters presented a 20 point list of demands to our government. This included addressing issues such as restoration of tribal lands, sovereignty, as well as treaty rights. This event play a crucial role in raising awareness around Native American advocacy and activisms. Event 4 (1945 – present): The Indian Child Welfare Act
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When it took place
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The Indian Child Welfare Act was implemented on November of 1978.
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Where in the US it occurred
The Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) applied throughout the United States and all those affected in which the courts handled child care and custody involving Native American children. ⦁
Who was involved
Native American leaders who brought attention to the issue to United States Congress members played a role in passing this legislation. President Jimmy Carter at the time signed and passed this into law. ⦁
What circumstances contributed to the event As a way of assimilation, Native American children were taken away from their family homes by the state child welfare, and private adoption. Kids were then placed into Non Native American homes or institutions. ⦁
How this event was historically significant
The Indian Child Welfare Act played a crucial role in understanding the rights of Native American families in child custody cases. The act established a new look in the removal of Native American children from their families. The act helped enable the placement of these children within their own families and tribes. Ever since the ICWA it has played a role in many legal cases involving Native American children today. 3. Sources
For your final paper, you are required to incorporate two primary and two secondary sources. You should choose sources that are related to the events described above. This will help you explain the changes that occurred for your selected group from 1877 to the present, including the challenges and achievements that are a part of that group’s history. For this assignment, you will provide an APA (American Psychological Association) reference citation for each source and provide one to two paragraph annotations that discuss the main points of the source, how it relates to your group, and explains how this evidence will be helpful in your final paper.
Please remember that there are primary sources listed in the Week 3 Discussion Board. You are free to use those primary sources, or you may find your own. You are also welcome to use the primary and secondary sources listed in the weekly required or recommended sources. Do not use the textbook as either a primary or secondary source in this assignment. Primary Sources:
Primary sources are documents or artifacts created during a historical event or by someone who personally witnessed a historical event. Keep in mind that primary sources tell us the viewpoint of an individual at a particular point in time. It is recommended that you use the U.S. Library of Congress’ primary source analysis tool for help with analyzing primary sources. For this assignment, and your final, you will need to locate two primary sources related to your topic. For help locating primary sources refer to the HIS206: Primary Sources Research Guide. (You will need to
be logged into the library for this link to work. Refer to the first video in the Week 3 Lesson for help with accessing the library to find primary sources.)
If you need help with finding events or sources, please go to the HIS 206 Final Paper Support Page. If you
are having trouble completing this form, or have questions, be sure to contact your instructor.
APA Citation for Primary Source 1:
Provide the APA citation for your source. Here are some examples of APA citations.
Enoch, J. (2002). Resisting the script of indian education: Zitkala Ša and the Carlisle Indian SchoolLinks to an external site.. College English, 65(2), 117-141.
Annotation for Primary Source 1:
In your own words, provide an annotation explaining what the source is, where it came from, what this source can tell us about your topic, what information this source provides that will help you address the final paper prompt, and how this source will help you prove your thesis. Be sure to provide specific information in your annotation. Here are some examples of annotations. This scholarly article by Jessica Enoch offers an analysis of the cultural conflicts in the Native American education system at the turn of the 20th century. Enoch, focuses on experiences of Zitkala Sa at the Carlisle School. This sources helps us understand the dynamics of Native American education during this period of time, especially the context of assimilation policies and the resistance against these policies. The Carlisle School's foundational philosophy, as described by Enoch, was to assimilate Native American children into white culture(Enoch, 2002). By which children were removed from their tribal enviornments and putting them in a social setting where they were taught white cultural norms such as the English language and Christianity. To gain more support for these boarding schools Carlisle used publications, like the "Indian Helper," as propoganda tools. These publications promoted the school's narrative of civilizing "savages" and were used to brainwash students (Enoch, 2002). Zitkala Sa resisted these assimlation policies by writing essays that countered Carlisle's narrative. She critiqued the school's
practices, and offered an alternative perspective to the narrative at that time.
APA Citation for Primary Source 2:
Provide the APA citation for your source. Here are some examples of APA citations.
(1887). Transcript of the Dawes ActLinks to an external site.. National Archives. https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/dawes-act#transcript Annotation for Primary Source 2:
In your own words, provide an annotation explaining what the source is, where it came from, what this source can tell us about your topic, what information this source provides that will help you address the
final paper prompt, and how this source will help you prove your thesis. Be sure to provide specific information in your annotation. Here are some examples of annotations. This transcript of the Dawes Act represents a turning point in how the United States government interacted with Native American tribes. At the time we saw a shift where tribes had a treaty based relationship with the government to one focused on assimilation and individual land ownership. The Dawes Act forced Native Americans into breaking up their land and distributing that land to how the government and the president see fit. There is an intent with the Dawes Act to integrate Native Americans into American society by limiting or restricting their autonomy within these lands. Scholarly Secondary Sources
Secondary scholarly sources are accounts of historical events written by professional historians after the events took place. They are interpretations of events within context and have a central argument. You will need to locate two scholarly secondary sources – either scholarly book chapters or articles – related to your topic. Please make sure that you identify sources written by historians, not other scholars. It is recommended that you use the JSTOR database to identify scholarly articles because you can do an advanced search for History journals.
For help locating scholarly secondary sources refer to the HIS206: Secondary Sources Research Guide. (You will need to be logged into the library for this link to work. Refer to the second video in the Week 3 Lesson for help with accessing the library to find secondary sources.)
If you need help with finding events or sources, please go to the HIS 206 Final Paper Support Page. If you
are having trouble completing this form, or have questions, be sure to contact your instructor.
APA Citation for Secondary Source 1:
Provide the APA citation for your source. Here are some examples of APA citations.
The trail of Broken Treaties - Utah State University. (n.d.). https://www.usu.edu/mountainwest/files/bennion-workshop/trail-of-broken-treaties-20-point-position-
paper-1972.pdf Annotation for Secondary Source 1:
In your own words, provide an annotation explaining what the source is, where it came from, what this source can tell us about your topic, what information this source provides that will help you address the final paper prompt, and how this source will help you prove your thesis. Be sure to provide specific information in your annotation. Here are some examples of annotations. Over a centuries worth of struggles and broken promises the Native American people were finally fed up
with the United States government. The Trail of Broken Treaties: 20-Point Position Paper from 1972 outlines a list of demands and proposals from the Native American people to the U.S. government. The Native American people had aspirations to bring back Native American rights, land reform, and the
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reconstruction of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. This source provides supports my thesis by exploring the evolution of Native American rights and policies in the United States. There are specific proposals that can help explain Native American policy issues and the struggles they had for rights and recognition. APA Citation for Secondary Source 2:
Provide the APA citation for your source. Here are some examples of APA citations.
Pearl, A. (2023, April). The Indian Child Welfare Act In The Multiverse. Gale Academic OneFile. https://eds.s.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=1badaba0-dfdd-4d3a-9bad-
8663e31f2e87%40redis Annotation for Secondary Source 2:
In your own words, provide an annotation explaining what the source is, where it came from, what this source can tell us about your topic, what information this source provides that will help you address the final paper prompt, and how this source will help you prove your thesis. Be sure to provide specific information in your annotation. Here are some examples of annotations. This source provides a detailed analysis of the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA). Within the article it talks about the impact on the ICWA has on Tribal Nations and Indigenous children in the United States. Pearl discusses the significance and historical background of the ICWA as well as recognition of Tribal laws and
customs in child welfare cases. The ICWA can impact the right of Native biological parent and the welfare of Native children, Pearl focuses on the case "Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl", which he argues undermines the legal and historical understanding of federal Indian law. It stresses the importance of a decision making process that is informed by the experiences and history of their community. 4. Introduction and Thesis Statement
Provide an introduction and thesis statement for your final paper. An introduction introduces your topic and approach. A thesis is a sentence length statement of the main idea of your paper. You can think of a thesis as the one sentence that you want the reader to take away from your paper.
Your introduction and thesis statement should summarize the changes that occurred for your chosen group from 1877 to the present, including the challenges and achievements that are a part of that group’s history. A good introduction and thesis should be informed by the findings of your sources, and your analysis of your events.
For more information about thesis statements, consult the University of Iowa’s Writing a Thesis webpage.
Draft of Introduction and thesis:
When discussing Native American history, it is common to focus on those who live on reservations but how did this all come to be, and what is the purpose of Native's living on a reservation? Starting from the late 19th century to present day, Native Americans have faced a number of challenges while simultaneously achieving some form of freedom. We will discuss mandatory boarding schools for Native
children, The Dawes Act which impacted the land of Native American tribes, as well as significant milestones for Native Americans that lead up to present day. Native Americans have fought through decades to preserve their cultural heritage, and at the same time they fought for recognition and sovereignty for its people.