HIS 100 Module Four Activity Narratives Template
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Feb 20, 2024
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HIS 100 Module Four Activity Template: Historical Narratives
Locate an additional secondary source relevant to your historical event. Use all four of your sources (two primary and two secondary) to answer the questions below. Replace the bracketed text with your responses.
Identify the topic you chose to explore:
Tulsa Massacre
Attempt to write the APA style citations for your four sources. Include links to each source. You will not be penalized for incorrect citation format.
Final Report of the Oklahoma Commission to Study The Tulsa Race Riot of 1921. (2001). Oklahoma Commission to Study the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921. https://tulsareparations.z19.web.core.windows.net/FinalReport.htm
Irvine, A. (n.d.). What Caused The Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921? History Hit
. https://www.historyhit.com/what-caused-the-tulsa-race-massacre-of-1921/
Franklin, B. C. (1931). The Tulsa Race Riot and Three of Its Victims | Collections Search Center, Smithsonian Institution
. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved September 18, 2023, from http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd56322e79f-ac61-44ce-b722-d0fd03002cd6
Parrish, M. E. J. (1922). Events of the Tulsa disaster
.
Compare the narratives presented in your primary and secondary sources relevant to your historical event.
The narratives presented in "The Tulsa Race Riot and Three of Its Victims" by B.C. Franklin, "Events of the Tulsa Disaster" by M.E.J. Parrish, and the report by the Oklahoma Commission to Study the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921 all provide valuable insights into the Tulsa Massacre. However,
each source offers a slightly different perspective and focus.
B.C. Franklin's book, "The Tulsa Race Riot and Three of Its Victims," centers around the personal
stories of three victims, shedding light on the individual experiences and human impact of the riot. It emphasizes the violence, destruction, and the devastating consequences suffered by
individuals and families. This narrative approach serves to humanize the victims and highlight the atrocities committed during the event.
M.E.J. Parrish's "Events of the Tulsa Disaster" provides a more comprehensive account of the historical context, causes, and consequences of the Tulsa Massacre. It delves into the racial tensions, economic factors, and the role of the media in fueling the violence. Parrish's narrative focuses on the broader socio-political climate and the systemic racism that contributed to the events, offering a more contextualized understanding of the massacre.
The report by the Oklahoma Commission to Study the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921 takes a more official and analytical approach. It presents a detailed examination of the events, including a timeline, eyewitness testimonies, and an analysis of the causes and aftermath. The report also discusses the role of law enforcement, the legal system, and the response of the local government. This narrative provides a comprehensive, fact-based overview of the Tulsa Massacre and its historical significance.
In summary, B.C. Franklin's book offers personal narratives and focuses on the human impact, M.E.J. Parrish's work provides a broader socio-political context, and the Oklahoma Commission's
report offers a detailed and official examination of the events surrounding the Tulsa Massacre. Each source contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the tragedy from different angles.
Describe one narrative that has significantly influenced the contemporary understanding of your historical event.
One narrative that has significantly influenced the contemporary understanding of the Tulsa Massacre is the report by the Oklahoma Commission to Study the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921. The commission’s extensive research and analysis, conducted decades after the event, provided crucial documentation and evidence that shed light on the true extent of the violence and destruction that occurred during the massacre.
The report, published in 2001, presented a comprehensive account of the events surrounding the Tulsa Massacre. It included a detailed timeline, eyewitness testimonies, and an analysis of the causes, consequences, and systemic factors that contributed to the tragedy. The report also highlighted the role of law enforcement, the legal system, and the failures of the local government in preventing and addressing the violence.
This narrative, based on thorough research and documentation, challenged the prevailing narrative of the time, which downplayed or even denied the severity of the massacre. The commission’s report provided an official validation of the stories and experiences shared by survivors and their descendants, who had been marginalized and ignored for decades.
The impact of the commission’s report on the contemporary understanding of the Tulsa Massacre cannot be overstated. It brought greater attention and awareness to the tragedy, prompting calls for reparations, memorialization efforts, and a reevaluation of history curricula to include this dark chapter. The report served as a catalyst for a broader public reckoning with
the history of racial violence and systemic racism in the United States, particularly in relation to events that had been intentionally suppressed or overlooked.
Overall, the report by the Oklahoma Commission to Study the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921 significantly influenced the contemporary understanding of the Tulsa Massacre by providing an authoritative and well-documented account of the events, challenging previous narratives, and contributing to a broader societal conversation about racial injustice.
Explain how the chosen narrative helps you better understand your historical research question. Please provide your revised research question and then explain how the chosen narrative helps you better understand your historical event.
The chosen narrative, the report by the Oklahoma Commission to Study the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921, significantly helps in understanding the historical research question regarding the specific actions taken by law enforcement, government officials, and community leaders that escalated the severity of the Tulsa Massacre.
The report, through its thorough investigation and analysis, provides valuable insights into the role played by different actors in worsening the violence and destruction. It highlights the failure
of law enforcement to protect the African American community from the initial attack and their subsequent involvement in assisting the white mob. The report also sheds light on how government officials and community leaders perpetuated racial tensions and allowed the violence to escalate by not intervening effectively.
By examining the report’s findings, one can identify specific actions such as the deputizing of white citizens, the use of weapons and explosives by the mob, the failure to enforce the law and
protect African American residents, and the complicity of local authorities in fostering a climate of racial hostility. These actions, as documented in the report, can be identified as key factors that escalated the severity of the Tulsa Massacre.
Moreover, the chosen narrative helps in better understanding the Tulsa Massacre as a whole. The report provides a comprehensive account of the events, from the initial incident that sparked the violence to the widespread destruction and the long-term consequences for the African American community. It reveals the depth of the violence, the extent of the destruction, and the trauma experienced by the survivors.
Furthermore, the report contextualizes the massacre within the broader historical and social context, examining factors such as racial segregation, economic disparities, and the rise of white
supremacist ideologies during that era. This broader understanding allows for a more nuanced comprehension of the Tulsa Massacre, recognizing it not as an isolated incident, but as a reflection of the systemic racism and violence that plagued the United States.
Research question: Which specific action(s) taken by law enforcement, government officials, and/or community leaders can be identified as the key factor(s) that escalated the severity of the Tulsa Massacre?
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