1-2 Journal
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Southern New Hampshire University *
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History
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Feb 20, 2024
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Uploaded by ahoffman92
1-2 Journal: History of Rehabilitation Programs
SNHU
CJ-321
Professor Phillip Dawalt
10/29/2023
Rehabilitation was a key part of the of the Criminal Justice department before the 1970s when the tough-on-crime era began. This era focused on punishment of offenders over rehabilitation. This is when the country decided that deterrence and incapacitation was the real way to reduce recidivism. There was a report created in 1974, by Robert Martinson, that basically stated that rehabilitation was not working considering people were still committing crimes. Since taking this approach prisons have reached “mass incarceration” and the United States has the most people incarcerated or on probation/ parole than any other country. The goal was to scare offenders and punish them in hopes to refrain others from offending. Reentry did not only affect the offenders, but also affected their families, the communities that they would be returning to, and the states which they live in. Judges were becoming harder on sentencing guidelines to accomplish the goals of retribution and the public’s safety. The system was criminalizing and focusing on drug use, the number of offenders that were in prison due to drug usage was 17 percent by 2010. Less support for treatment and rehabilitation existed because of the focus on more and tougher supervision. The rate of participation in educational and vocational programs decreased. For most offenders that get to be
released from prison there is a lot of cases where offenders end up homeless, unable to obtain employment, unable to receive any type of assistance (food or home), and so much more.
The second chance act was signed into law by President George W. Bush in 2008. This act authorized federal funding for state and federal reentry programs. This act was for people who were leaving prison. This SCA lengthened the time of stay at a halfway house from 6 months to 12 months, this was not guaranteed to every prisoner, but case-by-case decision. The SCA also created a program called the Elderly and Family Reunification for Certain Nonviolent offenders which was only in effect for a small amount of time for certain prisoners. Mears, D. P., & Cochran, J. C. (2014). Prisoner Reentry in the Era of Mass Incarceration. SAGE Publications, Inc. (US). https://mbsdirect.vitalsource.com/books/9781483375199
Benson, E. S. (n.d.).
Rehabilitate or punish? https://www.apa.org/monitor/julaug03/rehab
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