Journal Entry Week 8
docx
keyboard_arrow_up
School
American Military University *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
314
Subject
Health Science
Date
Feb 20, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
4
Uploaded by silvasurfer27
Hello class,
For our final discussion I chose the topic on obesity. The study I selected was a comparative analysis of the difference between the results of a weight loss diet and the results a weight loss diet plus an exercise intervention. The study involved 337 overweight and obese
adults in Greece and was conducted over an 18-week period. Participants were split into two groups, one identified as the Diet Only (DO) group and the other was identified as the Diet and Exercise group (DE).
Both groups were put on a calorie restricted diet of 1500 +/- 200 Kcals, but the DE group was directed to follow additional ACSM activity guidelines, specifically “
moderate intensity activity level (5 or more days of moderate-intensity activity and/or walking of at least 30 minutes per day, ACSM) and behavior modification consultation” (Philippou et al., 2012).
Anthropometrical data was collected from participants during a baseline period and at the
end of the 18-week intervention. The measurements taken consisted of a fasted bodyweight, height, waist circumference measurement, body fat percentage and lean body mass measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Each participant’s body mass index (BMI) was calculated using the weight and height measurements and enabled researchers to classify the participants as either overweight or obese depending on their BMI. Overweight participants had BMIs between 25-29.9 Kg/m
2
, and obese participants has BMIs of 30 Kg/m
2
or higher (Philippou et al., 2012).
The results of the study found that while both the DO and DE groups experienced decreases in weight, BMI, and waist circumference, the amount of body fat percentage and weight loss were significantly greater in the DE group. The DE group also experienced a lower decrease in lean body mass, meaning that they were able to retain more muscle during the study
because of the exercise intervention (Philippou et al., 2012). This study shows that exercise intervention combined with a healthy diet is most effective to positively affect body composition and avoid long-term health complications.
Dave
Reference
Philippou, C., Andreou, E., Menelaou, N., Hajigeorgiou, P., & Papandreou, D. (2012). Effects of
diet and exercise in 337 overweight/obese adults. Hippokratia
, 16
(1), 46–50. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3738392/
Reply 1: Dr. Tiffany Reiss
Dr. Reiss,
While BMI is certainly the measurement tool that is utilized most often due to its ease of use and cost effectiveness, it does pose several accuracy issues. The main issue is that BMI does not differentiate between lean body mass and body fat (The President and Fellows of Harvard College, 2016). This was an issue for several people I know in the Air Force when they began using BMI as part of the fitness assessment, I have a few friends who are into bodybuilding and are considered overweight on the BMI scale due to their heavy body weight in comparison to their height, even when they have relatively small waists. For this reason, the Air Force also uses
a waist measurement for the fitness assessment to improve the overall accuracy.
There are several other tools available to measure body composition, each with different limiting factors and varied accuracies. I have been fortunate enough at my past several bases to have access to a “Bod Pod”, which uses air-displacement plethysmography to measure body composition based on differences in air pressure (The President and Fellows of Harvard College,
2016). The “Bod Pod” is accurate and fast, but the size of the machine and its cost make it difficult for home use. Another pair of methods I use at home and with clients are the bioelectrical impedance and the skinfold thickness test. These are cheap and easy to transport and accurate at showing individual changes over time if you maintain the same conditions at each measurement such as hydration levels and having the same person taking skinfold measurements.
Dave
Reference
The President and Fellows of Harvard College. (2016, April 12). Measuring Obesity
. Obesity Prevention Source. https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/obesity-prevention-source/obesity-
definition/how-to-measure-body-fatness/
Reply 2: Matthew Harrison
Matt,
I enjoyed reading your post. I agree that diet is one of the most important aspects to monitor when training a type II diabetic client. Personally, I have learned from experience the pre-workout meal can make or break the workout session for some clients. A balanced meal can ensure a great session, but a meal with unbalanced macros can result in a sluggish client. I even had a client once that ate their normal balanced meal but ended up drinking a fruit smoothie from
the gym’s juice bar prior to our session. We had to stop the session when they complained of a severe headache, a sign of hyperglycemia
(Cleveland Clinic, 2021). Luckily, the client was able to take their medicine recover by changing the workout to a walk session and train the following day. Dave
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Reference
Cleveland Clinic. (2021). Hyperglycemia: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments & Prevention
. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9815-hyperglycemia-
high-blood-sugar#:~:text=Signs%20and%20symptoms%20of%20hyperglycemia
%20include%3A%20Increased%20thirst.
Reply 3: William Cathcart
Will,
I thought your post was very thorough, I especially enjoyed your reference to people thinking they can outrun a bad diet with cardio. I agree with you that although people may achieve some results with exercise alone, diet and exercise combined is a game changer. I like seeing the concept click for clients, especially when they learn to view their food as fuel for their
day and that a proper pre and post workout meal makes a huge difference. In the beginning of your post, you covered several body measurement options. Have you ever had your body measured using any of the listed options? Do you have a favorite? I have used the “Bod Pod” several times in the past, but I consistently use bioelectrical impedance and skinfold measurements. The “Bod Pod” is my favorite due to its speed and accuracy, but I must book an appointment to use it, so it is not very convenient.
Dave