PUBH6000_Chemase_Judith _Case study

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The Impact of Social Determinants on The Health Behaviors and Outcomes of Southeast Asian CALD Communities in Australia. Student name: Judith Chemase Institution: Torrens University Lecturer: Date:

Introduction Australia is home to many traditions, languages, and cultures. It is home to immigrants from all corners of the world. Cultural diversity has positive and negative impacts in that it has been a primary source of unity and a significant challenge to the public sector. The most spoken language in Australia is English, but there are also 300 other languages spoken in the country, including Arabic, Mandarin, Cantonese, and Vietnamese ( Truong et al., 2023) . The diverse languages have contributed to multiculturalism and have led to many traditions, customs, and beliefs that enrich Australia with a mixed social heritage. An essential component of Australia's multicultural ground is the unique presence of Southeast Asian CALD groups. They comprise the main population composition groups in these culturally and linguistically diverse regions ( Khatri & Assefa, 2022) . Like many other CALD groups, these inhabitants face various health- related concerns. English is the most spoken language in multicultural Australia, and it is also essential to consider the significance and spread of other languages spoken in Australian communities ( Gray et al., 2023) . More than three hundred languages are spoken in the country besides English. Arabic, Mandarin, Cantonese, and Vietnamese are among the most spoken languages in Australia, making it a multiculturally diverse country due to multiculturalism. Cultural differences, language barriers, and socioeconomic issues are the leading causes of health disparities among Southeast CALD communities ( Camit, 2021) . The health disparities have manifested in limited access to information, healthcare services, and health education. The limitations have, moreover, led to health worsening, contributing to chronic health problems. This is due to poor

lifestyle standards, insufficient education on healthcare, and unaffordable health amenities. It is necessary to provide culturally sensitive healthcare services and relevant health education to address these issues in these diverse language groups ( Renzaho, 2023) . Community measurements and external programs can significantly improve the healthcare of Southeast CALD communities in Australia. Health professionals should also educate the inhabitants on the appropriate and essential healthcare knowledge to promote good health and healthy services. The cultural diversity in Australia has made the nation multicultural. Multiculturalism has a negative and good impact. It has led to social variety, enhancing social interactions and culture borrowing ( Doolan et al., 2022) . The presence of many languages, cultures, and traditions has also increased the social fabric amongst the inhabitants. Multiculturalism has, however, presented unique challenges to healthcare, limiting the quality of health services offered. Social Determinants of Health The numerous social determinants of health that impact the health outcomes of CALD (Culturally and Linguistically Diverse) communities from Southeast Asia in Australia are significant. Multiple elements are included in these variables, such as socioeconomic status, level of education, employment prospects, and availability of social support systems ( Truong et al., 2023) . The ability of these groups to adopt healthy behaviors and obtain high-quality healthcare services can be considerably impacted by socioeconomic differences. Disparities in healthcare utilization may result from the way people from Southeast Asian backgrounds interact with the healthcare system, being impacted by language hurdles and cultural norms ( Camit, 2021) . These differences may be

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made worse by racism, discrimination, and cultural isolation, all of which increase stress and have a detrimental effect on mental health. Moreover, the strength of community and family ties within Southeast Asian communities can either serve as a source of support or, in some cases, lead to cultural practices that influence health behaviors. Thus, addressing these social determinants of health is vital to promoting health equity and improving the healthcare utilization of CALD communities from Southeast Asia in Australia. Furthermore, the depth of family and community bonds within Southeast Asian populations can lead to cultural customs that impact health behaviors or act as a source of support ( Gallegos et al., 2020) . Therefore, enhancing the healthcare consumption of CALD communities from Southeast Asia in Australia and promoting health equity depends on tackling these social determinants of health. Immigrants from the Southeast region make up a considerable fraction of the CALD populations in the Australian multicultural society ( Lakin & Kane, 2023) . The ecological model considers three levels of influence: intrapersonal, interpersonal, and communal levels, and they are used to understand the factors affecting the health of Southeast Asian migrants and how they have resultantly caused disparities in the health department. Individual level Personal traits and actions are significant intrapersonal factors that influence health outcomes. Amongst the Southeast Asian migrants, variables such as healthcare beliefs, social and economic levels, and education are of importance ( Khatri & Assefa, 2022) . Sticking to the Australian lifestyle may affect one's health habits. When seeking medication or a specific cure, those with barbaric or

strengthened cultural norms may encounter cultural obstacles and linguistic obstacles resulting from language barriers. In addition to that, low socioeconomic status and lower education levels can hinder access to proper and quality healthcare ( Gallegos et al., 2020) . This poses a significant problem to individuals from such backgrounds as they can't afford essential health services. Moreover, Cultural beliefs may influence health- seeking behaviors, leading to reliance on traditional or alternative cures or remedies rather than public healthcare. This is because individuals may fear and cannot express themselves. Their health concerns would, therefore, be at significant risk of worsening. Interpersonal level Family and social linkages significantly influence and impact this stage on the health of the Southeast Asian migrants dwelling in Australia ( Gray et al., 2023) . The supportive and united strictness within these communities can ensure emotional support among individuals. However, at this level, it can also lead to a financial burden and stress when a family member falls sick, and funds are required for one's healthcare or related treatment. At this level, peer influences can affect health behaviors, and people may tend to do bad things by copying from others. Peer influence can trigger an individual to smoke or consume alcohol ( Truong et al., 2023) . Peer influences lead to the loss of vital morals. Individuals who get to do things out of impact in the long run will have damaged their health, and they are likely to worsen their healthcare regimes. Peer influences have thus affected the health of many individuals. Moreover, stigmatization has contributed to a negative effect on individuals seeking health care services. People with different body deformities fear

discrimination from within the community, and they are shunned ( Sullivan et al., 2020) . They fear exposure and choose to suffer in silence when in need of essential healthcare services and, in turn, choose to hide. This has dramatically affected healthcare promotions among the CALD communities as not everyone can be reached. Community level At the community level, Southeast Asian migrants mainly form closely related communities that share numerous cultural values and practices. These communities can be a source of support when a united healthcare concern is availed ( Renzaho, 2023) . Still, they may also limit exposure to health-promoting information and services from the Larger Australian society, perhaps due to language barriers that may arise in the community. Discrimination and structural factors such as limited access to interpreters may arise at this level. This limits healthcare services as not all required information will be obtained by health workers from the individuals. At this level also, there can be the absence of culturally competent healthcare providers that refrain or deter the migrants from seeking healthcare ( Mwangi et al., 2023) . Comprehending how different factors influence the health of Southeast Asian migrants in Australia is crucial. It is not only about going to see a doctor but also about considering their whole life and the people surrounding them to ensure they have equal access to good healthcare. Influence of Key Determinants on Health Behaviors and Outcomes The health-related behaviors and outcomes of CALD groups, mainly Southeast Asian migrants in Australia, are influenced by several key factors. Social and economic factors, such as limited income and financial constraints due to

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reduced access to education and employment opportunities, play a significant role ( Lakin & Kane, 2023) . Language barriers hinder effective communication between patients and healthcare providers, affecting the quality of care. Cultural norms and traditional beliefs also influence healthcare behaviors. Social support networks influence health outcomes and behaviors in both positive and negative ways. Because of social constraints and anxiety, people may be discouraged from seeking proper care because of cultural norms and stigmatization associated with particular health issues ( Khatri & Assefa, 2022) . How CALD Southeast Asian migrants in Australia access and use healthcare facilities and attain their intended health objectives is greatly influenced by social, cultural, and economic factors. Health behaviors are heavily influenced by the social and cultural environments in which individuals are raised. Cultural beliefs and practices affect physical activity, food consumption, and diet choices, as well as alcohol consumption and smoking habits ( Gray et al., 2023) . These factors can either promote or compromise health choices. Policymakers and healthcare professionals must understand and respect these social and cultural influences to design effective healthcare and social interventions. Another essential factor to consider is access to healthcare services. Many people deal with issues including not having enough money, not having health insurance, and insufficient medical facilities ( Gallegos et al., 2020) . These obstacles make it harder for people to get the correct medical care, which worsens healthcare services and compromises health outcomes. Better access to healthcare is necessary to enable people to seek timely treatment and preventive care.

The determination of health outcomes is significantly influenced by health education and awareness. People with higher levels of education are inclined to make better judgments about their health, such as eating a balanced diet, exercising frequently, and making decisions about their nutrition ( Doolan et al., 2022) . On the other hand, those with low levels of knowledge could find it challenging to understand and assess medical services, which could result in health issues. Understanding and upholding a healthy lifestyle requires a high level of health literacy. Conclusion In conclusion, Australia's multicultural society brings opportunities and challenges to the healthcare system. Southeast Asian migrants, like other CALD communities, face significant health issues influenced by language barriers, cultural differences, and social and economic instability. To address these disparities, healthcare policies must consider the unique needs of Southeast Asian migrants and the broader CALD population. Providing culturally sensitive and affordable healthcare is essential to ensure the well-being of the entire Australian community, regardless of their social class or background. Respecting and understanding diverse social and cultural groups is crucial when tailoring interventions for different communities. Promoting efficient healthcare involves improving healthcare facilities, reducing healthcare costs, expanding access to healthcare, and providing health education to empower individuals to make informed health decisions ( Camit, 2021) . This holistic approach is essential for achieving Australia's healthier and more equitable society.

References Camit, M. C. (2021). Health communication and social media in multicultural Australia: the experiences of CALD community leaders in using social media to improve health outcomes for their communities (Doctoral dissertation). Doolan, B. J., Saikal, S. L., Scaria, A., & Gupta, M. (2022). Patient factors associated with dermatology outpatient non-attendance: An analysis of racial and ethnic diversity. Clinics in Dermatology , 40 (4), 405-410. Gallegos, D., Do, H., To, Q. G., Vo, B., Goris, J., & Alraman, H. (2020). Eating and physical activity behaviours among ethnic groups in Queensland, Australia. Public Health Nutrition , 23 (11), 1991-1999. Gray, C., Crawford, G., Maycock, B., & Lobo, R. (2023). "Maybe it's an Indo thing": Transnational health experiences of Indonesian women living in Australia. Health & Place , 81 , 103006.

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Khatri, R. B., & Assefa, Y. (2022). Access to health services among culturally and linguistically diverse populations in the Australian universal health care system: issues and challenges. BMC Public Health , 22 (1), 1-14. Lakin, K., & Kane, S. (2023). A critical interpretive synthesis of migrants' experiences of the Australian health system. International Journal for Equity in Health , 22 (1), 7. Mwanri, L., Miller, E., Walsh, M., Baak, M., & Ziersch, A. (2023). Social Capital and Rural Health for Refugee Communities in Australia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 20 (3), 2378. Renzaho, A. M. (2023). The Lack of Race and Ethnicity Data in Australia—A Threat to Achieving Health Equity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 20 (8), 5530. Sullivan, C., Vaughan, C., & Wright, J. (2020). Migrant and refugee women's mental health in Australia: a literature review. School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne: Melbourne, Australia . Truong, M., Dwyer, J., Chan, J., & Bugeja, L. (2023). Availability and quality of data related to cultural and linguistic diversity in the Victorian Suicide Register: A pilot study. Australian and New Zealand journal of public health , 47 (5), 100078.

PUBH6000_Chemase_Judith _Case study

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