Final Project Speaker Notes
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FINAL PROJECT DRAFT: SPEAKER NOTES
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Final Project Draft: Speaking Notes
Joshua D. King
Geo-200
Southern New Hampshire University
FINAL PROJECT DRAFT: SPEAKER NOTES
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Moving to Far North Queensland
Slide 1 – Moving to Far North Queensland
Hello everyone and thank you for coming to this evening’s presentation. I have asked everyone to gather here tonight for me to announce that I am planning on moving to Australia, more specifically to the region of Far North Queensland. I know this is a major move in my life and it will be a considerable hurdle to complete the move from the Southwest United States to the new area in Far North Queensland, but I feel I will adapt rather quickly, especially as many of you know my love for tropical gardening and lounging on sandy beaches. I wanted to take this time to speak with everyone about the similarities and differences that comprise these two different regions, and why moving here is very important to me on a professional and personal level.
Slide 2 – Southwest United States Region
I thought it would be a good idea to cover the region that everyone is more relatable and familiar with first. Currently we are all in what is known as, the Southwest region of the United States. This region contains the U.S. states of Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. If you are ever conducting research into this region, you may also experience that some maps also include the states of Nevada, Colorado, and Oklahoma but for this presentation we are only including the previous three. No matter what states are presented, Arizona and New Mexico are always considered the core states of the Southwest region (World Population Review, 2023). These three
states share a lot of common traits but vary greatly at times, especially when it comes to distribution of economic success. Take Phoenix for example, where according to the 2020 Population Census, the city has become the fifth-largest city in the nation while the northern sector of the state has stagnated (Hait, 2021).
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If you were to define this region through the means of geographical coordinates, you would find that the western border begins around Fort Mohave, Arizona at 35.0225 N, 114.5893 W, heading east to Bethany, Texas at 32.3732 N, 94.0427 W, and north to La Boca, New Mexico at 36.9947 N, 107.6033 W, with South Point, Texas at 25.8687 N, 97.3836 W the furthest southern city. I understand that unless you have a specific reason and means to need and use coordinates, that they can only be useful in certain cases so to gain a better perspective let’s paint
a better picture through the means of relative locations. The Southwest region is all land-locked except for the coastline of south-eastern Texas, which is bordered by the Gulf of Mexico. Traveling north from the east side of Texas the region is bordered by Louisiana and Arkansas and
continues north until reaching the southern boundary of Oklahoma, from here the region travels west along the state boundary line of Oklahoma and Colorado until reaching the eastern state boundary of Nevada, where the region continues south along the eastern state line of Nevada and
California before eventually reaching the border of Mexico which is the southern boundary line comprising the border for all three states contained in the region. Large basins full of natural resources are common through-out the Southwest region, including the Permian Basin which is in western Texas and a portion of southeastern New Mexico. The largest cities of this region are Houston, Texas with a population of 2.3 million people, then Phoenix, Arizona with 1.7 million people, and San Antonio, Texas with 1.58 million people. Slide 3: The Lands of the Southwest Region
Within these next couple slides, I will go over some key features that are located throughout the Southwest region. The Southwest has a vast expanse of land area which brings about all different kinds of landscapes and diversity. Some of these areas are what brought us to this region in the first place, with their endless opportunities to spend days and days among
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nature. Let’s begin with the climate that we experience within this region. Of course, you all know that in summertime in this region you must be super careful about your sun exposure! This
region experiences very hot, dry summers with lower levels of precipitation (Sheppard et al., 2002), which in some cases causes issues with droughts and water restrictions for people. This region can see its ranges of temperatures as well, depending on your elevation. If your in Arizona, which is the only state to contain 4 different desert ranges, you would not want to get caught out in the middle of one of these four in mid-summer, where temperatures can reach highs
over 120 degrees F and then cool by 50 to 60 degrees F in the evening (University of Arizona, 2023). If these temperatures are too much for you, then traveling to one of the mountain ranges in the region will offer you some relief from the extreme heat. In the northern area of New Mexico, you can find the Rocky Mountains continuing their expanse of rocky terrain, also known as the Southern Sangre De Cristo Range, where summertime temperatures during the day average in the upper 70’s (New Mexico State University, 2023). Winters, as you know, are usually mild and depending on location, may stay mostly warm throughout the year with only a few days reaching close to or around freezing temperatures. Traveling to the far east of this region’s border you will find the state of Texas. Just like the other two states, Texas also has its variation in landscape, consisting of several mountain ranges, coastline, and desert. In the northern region of the state is not uncommon to see snow during the winter months but as you get closer to the coastline of the Gulf of Mexico the temperatures tend to stay warmer. My goal of leaving behind winter weather is why you all know I really moved here, by re-locating from the mid-west within the last year where ice and snow are a common winter trait. The coastline is not only good for warmer weather, but also provides a perfect opportunity for goods and ideas to flow freely because it offers the benefit of having access to shipping channels, such as the Port of
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Houston. With the Southwest region being prevalent to the weather patterns occurring in the Gulf
of Mexico, this area can see certain natural disasters such as hurricanes and tropical storms. These severe events bring potential floods and catastrophic damage to infrastructure, homes, and the lives of people. The western part of the region, being more landlocked and out of the normal circulation pattern for hurricanes, can still see severe storms that cause flooding, massive landslides, and severe erosion. With me moving across the globe, I hope to hear that everyone stays safe and no severe weather events occur. Slide 4 – Its People
Moving along, I will know go over the wonderful and culturally diverse population that comprises the Southwest region of the United States. From living here, you already know that this region has a great amount of diversity with many different languages and religions. As with all the United States, American English is the national and widely accepted language, but it is not
the one and only spoken, with other languages such as Spanish and Native American. Other languages, such as Spanish, have played a large part in shaping the Southwest into what it is today, along with the varied dialects of the Indigenous tribes that first settled this region. A fun fact that most people probably do not know, is that the Spanish language was recognized as an official language in New Mexico up until 1942, where it was eventually fazed out for American English (Avendano, n.a.). Along with these languages are the people of the cultures that speak the dialect, and this region mainly consists of Native Americans, Spanish, Mexican, African Americans, Asians, and Caucasians (United States Census Bureau, 2019). This region is said to have first been inhabited around 300 B.C. by three different native American cultures, who were known as the Anasazi, the Hohokam, and the Mogollons (U.S. History.com, 2023). Spanish influence was later introduced around 1600 A.D. but unlike their ancestral neighbors, the Mayans
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and Aztecan cultures of Mexico, these natives flourished from the Spanish encounters and gained
influence’s that helped to further shape their own culture, such as tools, plants, horses, and sheep.
Eventually, Europeans also made their way through this region, with their expansion of the new world, but unfortunately the outcome was not in favor of the indigenous tribes and many natives were brutally attacked, killed, and the rest forced into reservations by the U.S. government. This is what brings us to our contemporary cultures and defines the history behind this region. Despite
all these turns and upheavals, these cultures have all become intertwined and the result has brought on new ways of art, music, food, and even dances. One example from my favorite category, which of course is food, is what is known as “Tex-Mex”, which is a southwestern cuisine that was created from the culmination of several cultures that include items such as: chili con carne, nachos, fajitas, and enchiladas (Pruitt, 2020). That is about all I will cover for food because I will wind up making all of us hungry and we still have a lot to cover, so let’s move on and take a quick look into the different religions practiced throughout this region. Much of the Southwest region considers itself to be of a very religious faith, with these faiths including Protestants, Catholics, and non-Catholic Christians (Norman, 2018), while also supporting a large population of Mexican American Catholicism and many Native American practices. Now let’s investigate some of the economic factors that make up this region and allow these cultures to provide for themselves and their families. Due to the variation in landscapes throughout this region, it is home to a vast supply of natural resources. Let’s look at Arizona, where mining and agriculture play a critical role in the infrastructure, with Arizona being responsible for 65 percent
of the copper supply in the U.S. and contributing an average annual salary of $115,000 per person, which is double the normal salary for most other jobs in the state (Arizona Commerce Authority. n.a.). Moving over to New Mexico and with a little research we can find that their
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largest economic factors stem from natural resources as well, with New Mexico containing large deposits of potash and uranium (Kiprop, 2020). Looking at Texas, before it was a state it produced little means of anything besides survival for small encampments and villages. It wasn’t until European advancement and the construction of the railroad that Texas started to see its growth, with cotton farming becoming a main staple (The Texas Politics Project, n.a.). In today’s
terms, thanks to areas such as the Permian Basin, Texas holds a vast amount of oil and natural gas. These natural resources are what comprise a large sector of today’s economy and what stimulate the growth of manufacturing in the region. Another emerging economic division that is growing rapidly in this region is the Technology and Information sector. Due to these states having a lower tax burden on businesses, it has been a crucial development in the driving force of this emerging sector and what drives companies looking to relocate their headquarters, such as
with Apple, who recently announced a new $1 billion investment into a new campus in Austin, which is slated to bring in an additional 5,000 jobs (Guillot, n.a.). So, all in all, this region is still experiencing growth and an increasing GDP percentage year over year, so at least I do not have to worry that none of you can find employment with decent pay, and you won’t be calling me to borrow money. Unfortunately, though, along with this economic development, comes a detrimental effect on our surrounding environments which I will cover in the next slide.
Slide 5 – Environmental Impacts
This unfortunately is one of my hardest topics to cover because everyone knows I have a personal attachment with nature, and it pains me to see the devastation caused by human interaction. We all must know though, that to survive we have to make sacrifices, but this is one of the main reasons for my advancement in education, so I can help to achieve sustainable solutions. Let’s start with Arizona, where large sprawling urbanization is spreading and
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overtaking areas of desert. Phoenix is a metropolis, that was built right in the desert, and as of March 1, 2010, consumed land area consisting of two counties with 26 cities, and a population of
over four million residents (Bolin & Pompeii, 2010). This area has virtually no access to water, making this city extremely vulnerable with having to rely heavily on outside sources to meet demand for the water supply. Much of this demand comes from the Salt, Verde, and Colorado rivers, but this city is not the only one drawing water from these same supplies and due to rising temperatures and less frequent rainfall, these supplies have been dwindling every year with each year becoming worse. So, in all reality, these megalopolises are transforming desert scenery into sprawling neighborhoods and high-rise complexes and draining vital sources of water supplies, which hasten erosion and landslides. Mining also causes a large detrimental effect to the landscape, not limited to but including large sections of ecosystem bulldozed and dug out, toxic chemicals leaching into groundwater supplies, and the over-use of an already strained water supply. As documented, in a written proposal drafted by many coalition groups against a new copper mine looking to be established east of Superior, Arizona, this particular mine would completely destroy the area of Oak Flat, which includes a campground and thousands of acres of public land, it would allow 1.4 billion tons of toxic mining waste to be discarded, and would use the same amount of water as it would take to supply the City of Tempe, Arizona (Arizona Mining
Reform Coalition et. al., 2019, p. 2). In New Mexico, one of the largest anthropogenic alterations
comes in the form of altering natural rivers and streams. According to an article published by The
Center for American Progress, 63% of all rivers in New Mexico have been altered for the use of irrigation, mining, manufacturing, and public use (CAP Public Lands Team, 2018). The three major rivers running through this area is the San Juan River, the Animas River, and the Santa Cruz River, which in order, have been altered by 63%, 60%, and 57%. New Mexico has on
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record, one of the lowest numbers of protected landscapes, which is why so many rivers have been allowed to be altered. And now we continue into Texas, where the landscape here has seen its share of changes as well. The western portion of the state has the highest concentration of natural resources, such as oil and natural gas, which dots the landscape with oil pumps and storage tanks. Surprisingly though, the number one factor of landscape alteration is due to the construction of transmission lines for wind energy along with gas and oil pipelines that cut across
vast lines of landscape (Pierre et. al., 2018, p. 811). Agriculture in this area is another major landscape alteration with ranches allowing thousands of acres for grazing cattle, over-use of water supplies, and tons of carbon released into the atmosphere in the form of methane. Slide 6 – Far North Queensland
I think we have covered a pretty good amount of material over the place we all know and call home, so let’s move on and look at the region where I will be re-locating to, which is Far North Queensland. In these next few slides, we will cover information basically the same as the last region, so please hold your applause until the end. Now without further ado, let’s investigate the location and general surroundings of Far North Queensland, which is a sub-region of Queensland. The region of Queensland is located on the continent of Australia, situated along the
upper eastern coast containing such cities as Brisbane, Cairn, and Cooktown. Far North Queensland encompasses the northern area of the region, stretching from Cardwell in the south at 18.2628 S, 146.0244 E, north to the Torres Strait at 10.2199 S, 141.9369 E, west to the Gulf of
Carpentaria at 13.1840 S, 139.1322 E and east to the Coral Sea at 19.3920 S, 155.8561 E. The Far North sub-region is completely bordered by the sub region of North Queensland to the south and southwest and is the only area of landmass in Australia that shares an international border, located in the north at The Straight of Torres, separating Australia and Papua New Guinea. Most
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of the population in this region lives along the coastline, while the interior remains mostly unpopulated. You can see this by looking at the census data for the sub-region, particularly it shows that 54% of the population lives in the city of Cairns, 35% living along the Douglas/Cassowary Coast, and 11% in the Gulf, Cape, and Torres areas (Regional Development Australia, 2020). Slide 7 – The Lands of Far North Queensland
The landscape of Far North Queensland contains a ton of diversity, ranging from tropical coastlines to tropical forests and mountainous areas. Due to this region’s proximity to the Tropic of Capricorn, or known as the Southern Tropic, it tends to keep the average temperature steady all year long, with an average around 85 degrees F (QueenslandIslands.com, n.a.). And if you’re like me, looking to escape the cold and snowy winters even more, this sounds like awesome temperatures to me! All of this sub-region experiences tropical weather so the vegetation throughout the land consists of lots of palms, large leaved trees, climbers, epiphytes, and ferns. If
you travel to the east coast, you will find the highest peak in Queensland, known as Mount Bartle
Frere. This mountain range peaks out at 5,285 feet and only changes by 18 degrees F towards the
summit, leading to this mountain range also being comprised of tropical vegetation, but as you gain elevation the vegetation changes to less diverseness and smaller leaved plants to eventually small vine ferns and certain species of pine, such as the purple kauri pine (Wikipedia Contributors, 2023, May 2). The coastline is comprised of sandy beaches and is a huge source of income from tourism, with the main tourism area of this region being the Great Barrier Reef. Due to the warm ocean currents and tropical weather, this region is prone to cyclones along with heavy, localized rainfall causing floods and landslides, fires, and storm tides (Get Ready Queensland, 2019).
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Slide 8 – Its People
This region has remained mainly untouched by outside influences regardless of the region being a hub for tourism. The two main cultural groups that inhabit this sub-region are the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and this sub-region is the only area of Australia to contain both natural inhabitants. Two other cultures that can be seen in small numbers are English and Irish, with English representing 12.6% and Irish at 4.3% of the population (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2016). The total population of this sub-region is sparse compared to other areas with roughly only 32,390 people. Some of the religions that can be found throughout this sub-region include Anglicans, Catholics, and Pentecostals. The languages that are spoken in this area are mainly comprised of native dialects such as, Torres Strait Creole, Cape York Peninsula Languages, Kalaw Kawaw Ya/Kalaw Lagaw Ya, Guugu Yimidhirr, and Wik Mungkan. English is also a spoken language, but primarily used more at home than in public.
Slide 9 – Humans and The Environment
Just as we have discussed with the Southwest region, the region of Far North Queensland has had its share of environmental impacts. With much of this region being a sensitive ecosystem, especially with the Great Barrier Reef, the amount of tourism and the effects of this have taken their toll. With the increase in tourism, areas are seeing a growth in residential and commercial properties that are expanding and cutting deeper and deeper into areas such as the Wet Tropics, along with the need for more infrastructure such as roads, powerlines, and dams (Wet Tropics Management Authority, n.a.). The demand for farming is also a prevalent factor as well, contributing to forest being raised for pastureland to allow grazing and crops. This area is home to the largest wind producing farm in Australia, the Windy Hill Farm, which has recently
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had its efforts scaled back due to environmental concern over the amount of land to be cleared for road access, as well as the sight of the giant turbines right outside the World Heritage rainforests (Ludlow, 2022). This region has also built its fare share of dams and altered much of its rivers flows for the use of controlling waterways and creating reservoirs for drinking water, which has stopped sedimentary flow and changed the spawning habits of native fish (Queensland
Government, 2020).
Slide 10 – Similarities and Differences
Now I will go over some of the key characteristics that show the similarities and differences between the U.S. Southwest region and the Far North Queensland region. Both regions are known for their hot temperatures and being in an area of the globe that sees tropical waters constitute most of their weather patterns. The U. S. Southwest region is more of a dry, hot
climate while the Far North Queensland region is a humid, wet tropical climate. Both regions have also altered many of their waterways using dams, so the waterways can be used as a source of supply for industry, agriculture, and human consumption. These regions also rely on exports of minerals and natural resources as a means of income and a source of employment. Tourism is also a shared commonality between the two, but the Far North Queensland economy relies more heavily on this as a source of income than the U. S. Southwest. But with all similarities aside, they do have their differences. When looking at the population demographics, one can see that the U. S. Southwest has had more of a cultural growth and expansion then the Far North Queensland region. The Far North Queensland region also does not exhibit the same passion towards religion that the U. S. Southwest does. Slide 11 – Cairns, Queensland
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Hopefully by now, everyone is at least a little curious and excited to find out exactly where I will be relocating to in the Far North Queensland region. I am sure everyone could guess
if I gave you the opportunity, but I am just too excited and must tell you now. I am moving to Cairns, Queensland!! I am sure that is not a surprise to anyone, given Cairns’ location to the Great Barrier Reef, white sandy beaches, clear blue oceans, and tropical vegetation. If you are traveling with a GPS device, then punching in the coordinates of 16.9203’ S, 145.7710’ E will take you right to the general area! Slide 12- Regional Significance
This region of Australia is home to three World Heritage Sites including the Great Barrier
Reef, the Wet Tropics of Queensland, and Riversleigh. The Great Barrier Reef is located on the north-east coast and is home to the largest collection of coral reefs on Earth. The Wet Tropics of Queensland is located along the north-east coast stretching for nearly 450 kilometers and is defined by its lush, tropical forests and biodiversity. This region also contains the Australian Fossil Mammal Site known as Riversleigh which contains fossils dating back from 10 to 30 million years ago. Due to the natural beauty of the beaches, the attraction of historical significances, biodiversity of the ecosystems, and the diversity of the cultural experience, the Far
North Queensland region sees a major source of income through tourism.
Slide 13 – Global Significance
Far North Queensland is not only globally significant because of tourism for its seemingly endless beaches and oceanfront, but also plays a major role in the exportation of important minerals such as lead, zinc, and bauxite. This region is known to be one of the largest producers, on the world scale, 2
nd
for lead at 8.4% globally, 3
rd
for zinc at 4.4% globally, and 4
th
for bauxite at 10.7% globally. According to an article from Australia’s Department of Natural
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Resources, this region is expected to further increase this production resulting in an even higher percentage of global production (2017).
Slide 14 – Interactions Regionally and Abroad
Being home to three World Heritage Sites, this region has an abundant and diverse landscape that brings tourists from all over the world to explore. From the eastern coastlines full of sandy beaches, to the green, lush tropical forests of the northern coast, and the biodiverse coral reef bringing in all aspects of marine life leads to the diversity of cultures combining in this
region. Tourism not only provides a major source of income for the region, but it also has led to an increasing awareness of stewardship through the tourism industry to protect the fragileness of the coral reefs while sustaining the demand of tourism. Tourism can sometimes cause adverse effects within a region such as we see here, where the tourism tends to congregate at the World Heritage Sites causing the cultural tourism to suffer and creates areas of poverty. According to an
article from ABC Far North, written by Conor Byrne (2023), Cairns’ tourism operator has proposed an initiative to double the number of cultural experiences that will be available to tourists soon, which in turn is expected to push more tourists to seek these adventures and will boost revenue for poverty-stricken areas. Slide 15 – The Move to Far North Queensland
With the changing climate and other environmental disasters, large bleaching events of coral reefs have been occurring, which is where massive areas die off and turn white unbalancing
the stability of the surrounding environment. With this region containing the Great Barrier Reef and itself experiencing these bleaching events, there are new studies and implementations to restore reefs by propagating corals off-site. The Great Barrier Reef is extremely important for the
surrounding environment, without these corals thousands of species would die off, with some
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becoming extinct. The tourism industry would suffer immensely without the attraction of the beautiful corals and the endless amounts of colorful fish that are brought in to feed and spawn. As a future graduate with a degree in Environmental Science, it would be a huge accomplishment for me to be a member and part of this team to help restore and maintain the function and beauty of the Great Barrier Reef. I would like to be able to research new methodologies and practices to better advance the restoration of these ecosystems and others around the world. This passion for the environment and its significance to more than anthropological means is what would ultimately drive me to relocating to this region.
Slide 16 – Conclusion
All in all, I am ready to make this journey a reality and complete my move to Cairns, Queensland in the Far North Queensland area. I will miss everyone, and I hope that all of you will have plenty of time to come and visit so we can explore the stunning landscape together. I am super excited to visit the Great Barrier Reef and help be a part of the solution to restoring coral reefs to their once glorious state. I am looking forward to meeting new people, learning their cultures, and languages. Luckily for me, English is a widely spoken language so I should not have too hard of a time when I first arrive, but I am sure I will meet someone that can be a translator for me when needed. That is the end of my presentation and I want to thank everyone for coming and listening, as well as wishing me good luck in my future endeavor. Slide 17- References
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