Lab 7 complete (1)
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Geography
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Dec 6, 2023
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Uploaded by 24csteven1014
Meteorology Lab to Accompany Chapter 7
1a)
To get a feel for air circulation, let’s say we have a room with a heat source (campfire):
In the above picture, insert several arrows showing how air would circulate around the room.
On my
version of Word, I click on “Insert” at the top of the screen and then click on “Shapes” to find an arrow.
Otherwise you can copy and paste the following arrow.
After copying the arrow you can insert it in the
diagram above and if you click on one end of the arrow you should be able to turn it and lengthen or
shorten it by dragging the mouse.
1b)
Explain in the box below why air circulates the way it does.
Be complete in your answer.
The air rises after being heated by the fire. Then cooler air replaces that air. The air is taken from the
opposite side.
1c)
Draw arrows showing circulation of the air in the following scene:
1d)
Once again, explain why your air circulation is the way that it is.
What is the name for this type
of “breeze”?
The warm air located above the ocean rises up, and it replaced by the cool air above the land. Land
breeze
1e)
Draw arrows showing air circulation:
1f)
Once again, explain why your air circulation is the way that it is.
What is the name for this type
of “breeze”?
The land is heated more quickly, and then heats the air above. This air then rises, and it takes the
place of the cooler air above the ocean. The air near the water of the ocean is then forced over the
hot land and the convection repeats. Sea breeze
2)
In the following picture, air tends to rise near the equator.
Explain why.
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2a) The equator receives the most direct sunlight, so the air near the equator is heated and it rises.
In the following picture, explain in words what is going on (see text book).
What do we call these
circulation patterns?
2b) Hot air from the equator rising is being replaced by cooler air from the poles. Single cell model.
3)
Let’s focus on the Northern Hemisphere.
The three air circulation cells shown are part of the
modern three cell model.
Whenever air rises, describe what happens (in terms of expansion/contraction, temperature changes,
and water vapor/saturation).
3a) When air rises it expands, cools, and becomes more saturated.
3b)
With the mouse, drag these pictures of clouds up to the above picture of Earth and place them
where we would expect to have clouds (focusing on the right side of the planet in the Northern
Hemisphere where you see the air circulation patterns).
There are several bands of deserts on the Earth.
We would most likely find a desert in an area of what
kind of pressure?
(High or low pressure?)
Explain your choice in terms of rising or sinking air, level of
moisture in air, and expansion or contraction (and resulting temperature change).
3c) We usually find deserts in high-pressure areas. Air rises up. Low level of moisture. The air contracts
and warms.
3d)
Drag a sun to each area that should be desert in the above picture of Earth.
You should now have clouds and suns in various spots along the upper-right-hand section of the picture
of the Earth.
3e)
One of your suns should have been placed at a latitude where we see a number of deserts
around the world.
This latitude should be at about 30 degrees north latitude.
Look at a globe (if handy)
or a map of the earth.
Name three deserts (are areas that have deserts) that are located at about this
latitude.
1
Arabian
2
Sahara
3
Kalahari
3f)
The Southern Hemisphere has the same set of air circulation patterns, just mirrored.
At about
thirty degrees south latitude, name two deserts or arid areas:
1
Atacama
2
Great Sandy
4a)
Around the equator, sailing ships during old times tended to get “stuck”.
The winds would not
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be blowing these ships.
Explain why in terms of the air currents shown on the various earths above.
The heating of the air near the equator forces it up to the atmosphere. As it rises it cools. This means
the air circulates up. Because of this, there is little surface wind.
4b)
What other latitude would also have this problem?
Why?
30 degrees south and north of the equator, because winds diverge at this point and flow to both the
poles and equator. This happens, because of a high pressure in the area.
5)
Between about the equator and about thirty degrees latitude, the surface air depicted below,
left, appears as if it would be going from north to south.
I put in a few more arrows to show this.
In the
picture on the right, the actual air movement in this area is at a slant, from northeast to southwest.
5a)
Explain what three forces are causing the air to move and to move in the direction that it is in
the right-hand picture.
Recall Lab 6.
1
Pressure Gradient Force
2
Coriolis Effect
3
Force of Friction
5b)
What is the general name for the winds in this region?
NE trade winds
The same thing happens in the region between about thirty and sixty degrees latitude.
The left-hand
picture shows winds moving northward toward the North Pole, but in reality, the winds slant from
southwest to northeast.
5c)
The three forces mentioned in the previous question also apply here.
The winds in this region
are known as the
Westerlies
5d)
From about sixty degrees latitude up to the North Pole, the winds travel in what direction?
What are they called?
Note:
I do not have a picture inserted here to depict this.
They travel from this direction
South
They travel to this direction
North
They are called
Westerlies
5e)
Look at the major ocean currents map in your textbook.
Which
planetary wind
is responsible
for each of the following currents?
Also, you can look at an ocean current map online.
Name of current
Planetary wind
North Pacific current
Westerlies
E. Greenland current
Polar Easterlies
West wind drift
Westerlies
N. equatorial current
Trades
S. equatorial current
Equatorial Low
Kuroshio current
Subtropical
East wind drift
Westerlies
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