ENVS 205- Module 5

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University of Waterloo *

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205

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Geography

Date

Oct 30, 2023

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1

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This module focuses on the oceans as a global commons. We apply the four approaches to sustainability we are (or will) learn in this course: state-based; market-based; technology-based; and grassroots approaches. Conserving and sustainably using the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development has been identified as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal #14: Oceans, seas and coastal areas form an integrated and essential component of the Earth’s ecosystem and are critical to sustainable development. They cover more than two-thirds of the earth’s surface and contain 97% of the planet’s water. Oceans contribute to poverty eradication by creating sustainable livelihoods and decent work. Over three billion people depend on marine and coastal resources for their livelihoods. In addition, oceans are crucial for global food security and human health. They are also the primary regulator of the global climate, an important sink for greenhouse gases and they provide us with water and the oxygen we breathe. Finally, oceans host huge reservoirs of biodiversity (United Nations Division for Sustainable Development Goals, 2018) We begin by reading a textbook chapter on oceans and fisheries. This chapter covers the ecology of oceans and has a Canadian focus on how the state is addressing policy challenges associated with protecting clean water and managing fisheries as a common pool resource. The second half of the module examines a case study on plastic pollution in the oceans. This case study will showcase how the four different approaches to sustainability that we are using in this course can help us to better understand solutions to this global problem.
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