50 100 150 200 horizontal velocity, m/y 10 20 bedrock 30 The figure at left shows the vertical velocity profile of the Athabasca Glacier in Canada, where its surface slope is 8º. Calculate each of the following at 165 m depth using the following depth and velocity data: At a depth of 150 m, the velocity is 24.5 m/yr, and at a depth of 180 m, the velocity is 17 m/yr. As usual, ice has a density of 900 kg/m³, g is 9.8 m/s², and in Glens flow law, n = 3. 5. What is the magnitude (i.e. absolute value) of the strain rate to the nearest hundredth, in yr-¹? 6. What is the shear stress driving that strain to the nearest bar? 7. What is the constant, A, in Glens flow law, to the nearest bar-³-5-1? 8. What is the ice viscosity to the nearest kPa-yr? (Note that this is about 2 QUADRILLION times more viscous than water).
50 100 150 200 horizontal velocity, m/y 10 20 bedrock 30 The figure at left shows the vertical velocity profile of the Athabasca Glacier in Canada, where its surface slope is 8º. Calculate each of the following at 165 m depth using the following depth and velocity data: At a depth of 150 m, the velocity is 24.5 m/yr, and at a depth of 180 m, the velocity is 17 m/yr. As usual, ice has a density of 900 kg/m³, g is 9.8 m/s², and in Glens flow law, n = 3. 5. What is the magnitude (i.e. absolute value) of the strain rate to the nearest hundredth, in yr-¹? 6. What is the shear stress driving that strain to the nearest bar? 7. What is the constant, A, in Glens flow law, to the nearest bar-³-5-1? 8. What is the ice viscosity to the nearest kPa-yr? (Note that this is about 2 QUADRILLION times more viscous than water).
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1LR
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Transcribed Image Text:### Velocity Profile of Athabasca Glacier
#### Graph Explanation
The graph depicts the vertical velocity profile of the Athabasca Glacier in Canada. The x-axis represents the horizontal velocity in meters per year (m/y), ranging from 0 to 30 m/y. The y-axis represents the depth in meters (m), ranging from 0 to 200 m, with the bottom labeled as "bedrock."
- **Data Points**: Orange circles indicate the measured velocities at various depths. The profile shows increasing horizontal velocity with decreasing depth.
- **Trend**: The velocity is lower closer to the bedrock (around 200 m) and increases rapidly towards the surface (near 0 m depth).
#### Velocity Data
- **At 150 m depth**: 24.5 m/y
- **At 180 m depth**: 17 m/y
- Use these values to calculate the properties at 165 m depth.
#### Calculation Tasks
1. **Strain Rate at 165 m Depth**:
- Determine the magnitude (absolute value) of the strain rate to the nearest hundredth, in yr⁻¹.
2. **Shear Stress at 165 m Depth**:
- Calculate the shear stress driving that strain to the nearest bar.
3. **Constant A in Glens Flow Law**:
- Find the constant, A, to the nearest bar⁻³·s¹.
4. **Ice Viscosity**:
- Determine the viscosity of the ice to the nearest kPa·yr, noting it’s approximately 2 quadrillion times more viscous than water.
**Parameters**:
- Surface slope: 8°
- Ice density: 900 kg/m³
- Gravitational acceleration (g): 9.8 m/s²
- Glens flow law exponent (n): 3
These insights are critical for understanding glacier dynamics and the underlying physics of ice flow.
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