Informative Speech Outline
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Brigham Young University, Idaho *
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175
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Communications
Date
Feb 20, 2024
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docx
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Name: Trevor Baird Section: COMM 175–A1
Date: 1-27-24
Informative Speech Outline
Topic:
Diabetes
General Purpose:
To Inform
Specific Purpose:
To inform my audience on diabetes. Central Idea Statement/Thesis
: I am going to inform my audience what diabetes is, the different types of diabetes there is, the history of it, and the technology and science available to help those with diabetes. Introduction
I.
Attention Getter a.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), “about 38 million people in the United States have diabetes, and 1 in 5 of them don’t know they have it.” (2023) b.
I am one of those 38 million people who have diabetes, which has made me interested in knowing more about it, as well as sharing that information with others. II.
Topic Justification a.
I feel like it is important to know about diabetes due to the fact that “about 98 million US adults—over a third—have prediabetes, and more than 8 in 10 of them
don’t know they have it.” (2023) b.
I didn’t know I had Type 1 Diabetes until I was 18, and my oldest brother didn’t get his diagnosis for Type 1 Diabetes until he was in his 30’s. III.
Speaker Credibility a.
I have been diabetic for 10 years now and have been around it most of my life with family members – my brother, my mom’s dad, and my dad’s dad. b.
I have extensive knowledge about the disease as well as the ways it is being treated now, as I am also part of many clinical studies for diabetic technology. IV.
Preview of Main Ideas a.
I want to share my knowledge with readers so that they may be more aware of what diabetes is, the different types of diabetes, the history of it, and the treatments. Transition:
It is important to know the types of diabetes before one can understand the rest of the information about it. Body
I.
What is diabetes?
A.
In general, diabetes is a small group of diseases that, depending on its stage or type, results in too much sugar in the blood causing high blood glucose.
1.
When you eat, your body turns most of the food into sugar (glucose) and sends it into your blood. a.
When the sugar level in your blood goes up, your pancreas releases insulin.
Name: Trevor Baird Section: COMM 175–A1
Date: 1-27-24
b.
Think of insulin as a key that helps the sugar enter your body's cells to be used for energy.
2.
In diabetes, either your body doesn't make enough insulin or can't use it properly. a.
This leads to too much sugar staying in your blood. b.
Over time, high blood sugar can cause serious health issues like heart disease, vision problems, and kidney disease.
II.
What types of diabetes are there?
A.
There are four types of diabetes you will commonly find: Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes, Prediabetes, and Gestational Diabetes.
1.
Type 1 diabetes occurs when your body mistakenly attacks itself, hindering the
production of insulin—a vital hormone. a.
It can be diagnosed at any age, and symptoms appear rapidly. b.
It is frequently inherited. c.
If you have type 1 diabetes, daily insulin intake is necessary for survival. d.
There is currently no known method to prevent it, but there are ways to improve the symptoms of it. 2.
Type 2 diabetes occurs when your body has difficulty using insulin effectively,
leading to an increase in blood sugar levels. a.
This condition usually develops over several years and is commonly identified in adults. b.
Since symptoms may not be very clear at first, it's important to monitor your blood sugar if you are at risk (pre-diabetes). c.
The positive aspect is that you can reduce your risk or postpone the onset of type 2 diabetes by adopting a healthy lifestyle, including weight loss, a balanced diet, and regular physical activity. 3.
Prediabetes means your blood sugar is elevated, but it hasn't reached the point of being classified as type 2 diabetes. a.
This raises the likelihood of developing diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. b.
The positive note is that there's are ways to help those with prediabetes,
including lifestyle changes to reduce the risk.
4.
Pregnant women who didn't have diabetes before may develop gestational diabetes, which can be risky for their baby's health. a.
According to Eoin Noctor and Fidelma P Dunne at the World Journal of Diabetes, while gestational diabetes often goes away after giving birth, it increases the mother's likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes in the future. (2015)
b.
Furthermore, according to the CDC, the baby is at a higher risk of developing obesity in childhood or adolescence and may later develop type 2 diabetes. (2022)
Name: Trevor Baird Section: COMM 175–A1
Date: 1-27-24
Transition: Now that we know about the different types of diabetes, it is important to know the history of diabetes and how it was discovered. III.
What is the history of diabetes?
A.
The wild part about diabetes is that before we had technology to discover it in the blood, it had to be tested in the urine – by tasting the urine to see if it was sweet. 1.
According to Karamanou et al. (2016) in the 2nd century AD, Aretaeus of Cappadocia gave the first precise account of diabetes, introducing the term "diabetes." 2.
In the 17th century, Thomas Willis supplemented the term "mellitus" to describe the disease, aiming to convey the notably sweet taste of the urine associated with it. (
Karamanou et al. 2016)
B.
Treatment for diabetes though, has varied throughout history as due to a poor knowledge of anatomy, pathophysiology and lack of diagnostic tools, it was very perplexing to doctors and scientists. 1.
Progress in knowledge of the disease didn’t really pick up until 1889 when Oskar Minkowski and Joseph von Mering removed the pancreas from a dog and produced severe and fatal diabetes. (
Karamanou et al. 2016)
2.
From there, in 1921, Frederick Banting and Charles Best extended Minkowski’s and Mering’s experiment by isolating insulin from pancreatic islets and administrated it to patients suffering from type 1 diabetes, creating the newest treatment of diabetes by inserting insulin into the body from a needle. (
Karamanou et al. 2016)
Transition: Now that we understand the types of diabetes and the history of it, let’s get into how we treat diabetes today.
IV.
How do we treat diabetes today?
A.
The treatment you receive for your diabetes is going to depend on what type of diabetes you have. If you have type 1 diabetes, your body doesn't produce insulin,
so you have to take it. 1.
Insulin helps control your blood sugar. You'll need to take insulin multiple times a day, especially when you eat. 2.
You can use a needle, an insulin pen, or a pump for this. Some might also consider an artificial pancreas, which is an automated insulin delivery system.
B.
If you have type 2 diabetes, you can manage your blood sugar in two main ways: by making healthy lifestyle changes and by taking diabetes medicines.
1.
First, the lifestyle changes involve eating nutritious meals, watching your calorie intake if you're overweight, and being physically active.
2.
Second, some people also need to take diabetes medicines. These can be in the form of pills or injections like insulin. As time goes on, you might need more than one type of medicine to keep your blood sugar under control. Even if you
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Name: Trevor Baird Section: COMM 175–A1
Date: 1-27-24
don't usually take insulin, there could be specific situations, like pregnancy or hospitalization, where it becomes necessary.
C.
If you have gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy), you can control your
blood sugar by mostly lifestyle changes. 1.
One common recommendation is eating healthy and doing some moderate exercise, like brisk walking for 150 minutes each week. If this isn't enough, your doctor might suggest taking insulin, which is safe during pregnancy.
2.
For any type of diabetes, taking daily medicines can be challenging. Even for gestational diabetes, taking insulin might be recommended and prescribed by a doctor. Transition: Diabetes is a difficult disease that can cause you to change your life completely, including taking medicines or changing your lifestyle. It is so important to know how it all connects when learning about diabetes. Conclusion
I.
I want to share my knowledge with readers so that they may be more aware of what diabetes is, the different types of diabetes, the history of it, and the treatments. II.
Closing Statement
References
(
APA
or MLA
format, remember to include in-text citations
in parentheses within your outline to show where your references are used. All direct quotes and paraphrased statements must be properly attributed. When in doubt, always cite your source!)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2022, December 30).
Prevent type 2 diabetes in Kids
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/prevent-type-2/type-2-kids.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2023, April 4).
Diabetes quick facts
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/quick-
facts.html
Karamanou, M., Protogerou, A., Tsoucalas, G., Androutsos, G., & Poulakou-Rebelakou, E. (2016). Milestones in the history of diabetes mellitus: The main contributors.
World journal of diabetes
,
7
(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v7.i1.1
Noctor, E., & Dunne, F. P. (2015). Type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes: The influence of changing diagnostic criteria.
World journal of diabetes
,
6
(2), 234–244. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v6.i2.234