07-04_task1 (2)

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University of Alabama *

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CALCULUS

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Chemistry

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Jan 9, 2024

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docx

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3

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7.04 Determining Toxic Levels (45 Points) Part I: Toxicology Basics Demonstrate your understanding of toxicology by answering the following questions in complete sentences. 1. What is a dose? (2 points) it is the amount of exposure that causes death, using lab animals as subjects. 2. What is a response? (2 points) the response is the reaction to the dose 3. Explain the dose-response principle. (2 points) ) LD50 values are part of a broader concept which is the dose response principle 4. 5. What is a risk-benefit analysis and how is it used? (3 points) A risk benefit analysis is preformed to determine if the risks associated with the drugs/chemicals exposure outweigh the benefits of the substances. We preform risk benefit analysis in our everyday lives. 6. How can you help decrease your risk associated with exposure to a toxic substance? (3 points) To prevent exposure to a toxic substance I could use control measures. I could avoid dry cleaning clothes, avoid chemical scents, and avoid chemical foods. Part II: Toxicology Testing on Radish Seeds An experiment was conducted to determine the toxicology of salt on radish seeds. The chart below shows the percentage of radish seeds that germinated when treated with various concentrations of salt solution. 7. Complete the chart by determined the percentage of seeds that did not germinate in each case. (4 points, 0.5 each) Concentration of Salt (g/L) Percent of Germinated Seeds Percentage of Seeds NOT Germinated 0 100% 0% 0.75 95% 5% 1.5 94% 6% 3.0 89% 11% 6.0 83% 17% 12.0 59% 41% 24.0 10% 90% 48.0 0% 100% © ACCESS Virtual Learning 2021
8. Construct a dose-response by plotting the percentage of seeds not germinated (y axis) vs. the concentration of salt (x axis). (10 points) Insert your graph below: Percentage of seeds not germinated =100%-percentage of germinated seeds 9. According to this data, what is the LD 50 of salt on radish seeds? (2 points) Sample hypothesis; the more salt added to the water, the fewer seeds will germinate. The radish seeds will not germinate at all in a solution with more than 3 teaspoons of salt in 8 oz of water. When soil has to much salt, crops will not grow well/ 10. After this test, how would you classify your chemical? Harmful, beneficial, or neither? Provide evidence to support your classification. (2 points) probably harmful Part III: Determining Toxicity Levels Use the chart below to answer the questions that follow concerning the toxicity of common chemicals and drugs. Substance LD 50 (mg/kg of body weight) Vitamin C 11,900 Ethanol 7,060 Table salt 3,000 Ibuprofen 636 Caffeine 200 Heroin 150 Lead 20 Cyanide 10 Tetanus 0.000001 Botox 0.000000001 11. Which of these substances is the most toxic? (2 point) about 90% 12. What is the estimated lethal dose of heroin for an 60 kg individual? (4 points) Show your work in the space below: LD50=60KG=150/1 kg body weight 9,000 or 9.0g 13. Consider a 60 kg, 25-year-old female and a 50 kg, 19-year-old male. © ACCESS Virtual Learning 2021
a. Which person would require more cyanide to reach the lethal dose? (1 point) the 60 kg 25 year old female. b. Calculate the lethal dose of cyanide for the 60 kg, 25-year-old female. (4 points) Show your work in the space below: LD50=60=20 mg/1 kg body weight 1200 or 1.2 g c. Calculate the lethal dose of cyanide for the 50 kg, 19-year-old male. (4 points) Show your work in the space below: LD50=50 kg= 20 mg/1 kg body weight 1000 or 1.0 g © ACCESS Virtual Learning 2021
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