Exam 1 chapters 1_4 Study Guide

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South Texas College *

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1408

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Chemistry

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Dec 6, 2023

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Lecture Quiz 1 Chapter 1 1. Living things are highly structed and organized, as such there is a hierarchy, or scale, in which we view the units of matter that make up life. Below are the 5 of the units discussed in Chapter 1. Match each unit with its description. Prompts Organelles – Structures that exist within cells and perform specialized functions. Tissue – Group of similar cells carrying out the same function. Cell – The smallest unit of life. Ecosystem – All plants, rocks, and animals found at the Santa Ana Wildlife Refuge. Populations – All the ocelots living in the Rio Grande Valley. 2. Which of the following is rank from simplest to most complex? Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organism 3. Using the scientific method, the following statement represents what: My toaster doesn’t toast my bread. Observation 4. How would you explain to your friend the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that uses a general statement to forecast specific results. Inductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. Both answer a question, both are logical thinking, but inductive reasoning is an observation that arrives at a conclusion, and deductive reasoning forecasts specific results using principle and law that exists. 5. Based on the hierarchical taxonomy proposed by Carl Linnaeus, which of the following is rank the lowest (least inclusive). Family 6. One hot summer day you take your dog out for a walk, when you return home, you notice that they have their tongue out and are panting. How would you classify this reaction as? Homeostasis 7. Orchids have the shape of their flower to attract pollinating wasps. The orchids lure male insect pollinators by producing chemicals that mimic the pheromones of their female counterparts. As the male tries to reproduce with the orchids it is inadvertently helping in their pollination. The orchids flower shape is an example of an: Adaptation 8. The smallest, most basic unit of life is: Cell 9. Choose the correct format for our own Binomial name: Homo sapiens 10. The Scientific Method requires a part of an experiment that does not change during the experiment called: Control

Lab 1 and Lab 2 Quiz 1. MSDS stands for Material Safety Data Sheet. True 2. List in the correct order the steps in the Scientific Method. Observation, Hypothesis, Prediction, Experiment, Data/Results, Conclusion 3. When gathering glassware and equipment for an experiment, you should: All of the answer choices are correct Read all directions carefully to know what equipment is necessary. Examine all glassware to check for chips or cracks. Clean any glassware that appears dirty. 4. Completely close-toed shoes are encouraged but not necessary. False 5. If you do not understand a direction or part of a lab procedure, you should: Ask the instructor before proceeding 6. A tentative explanation for some observations or some phenomenon is known as a: Hypothesis 7. Approved eye protection devices (such as goggles) are worn in the laboratory: Any time chemicals (including water), heat or glassware are used 8. In the pill bug experiment, the substance used as the control was: Sand 9. If you wear contact lenses in the school laboratory: notify your instructor that you wear contact lenses 10. After completing an experiment, all chemical wastes should: be disposed of according to your instructor’s directions

Lecture Ch 2 Quiz 1. Many types of fuel, like propane and crude oil, are hydrocarbons, organic molecules that consist entirely of carbon and hydrogen . 2. These structures are negatively charged and are found on the orbitals of the nucleus: Electrons 3. Sugar dissolves in coffee due to what property of water? Solvent 4. Complete the following statement to explain the effects of adding acids or bases to water. The pH value of a solution becomes lower when more hydrogen ions are released by an acid. 5. If you weigh 180 lbs on earth, it will be the same weight as the moon. False (Feedback, Weight refers to force gravity exerts on substance, so it will change on the moon). 6. The bond is formed when 2 atoms are held together by the attraction between opposite charges. Such as NaCl: Ionic Bond 7. If the pH of a solution is 8, what is my [H*], and is the solution acidic, neutral, or basic? 10⁻8 and pH basic 8. All elements are most stable when their outermost shell is filled with electrons according to the octet rule. True 9. Organic Molecules all center around Carbon 10. The hydrogen bonds that hold water molecules together are much stronger than the polar covalent bonds that hold the oxygen and hydrogen atoms together within a molecule of water. False

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Lab Quiz 2 Metric Measurements 1. Which prefix is the smallest: milli 2. Match the following statements with their corresponding temperatures. Freezing point of water: 0°C Normal body temperature: 37°C Water boils: 100°C Room temperature: 20-25°C 3. The basic measurement of mass is: gram 4. The liter is a unit of: volume 5. The basic measurement of length is: meters 6. Remember that in science we always use the metric system and therefore your temperatures should be in Celsius 7. When measuring any powered chemicals using an electronic balance, one must first tare the weight of the weighing boat. True

Lecture Quiz 3: Chapter 3 1. The four main categories of organic macromolecules are: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. 2. The sugar found in fruits, fructose, is a simple sugar that is an isomer of what type of simple sugar? Glucose 3. Lipids are best described as: All of the above Nonpolar Insulate Hydrophobic Long term energy storage 4. During the process known as hydrolysis what type of molecule is split to form two new components? Water 5. Matching the following Carbohydrates with their function. Prompts Starch: used by plants to store energy. Glycogen: used by animals to store energy. Cellulose: used by plants to form cell walls. Chitin: used by some animals to form external skeleton. 6. Glucose is an example of this type of carbohydrate: Monosaccharide 7. Sucrose is an example of this type of carbohydrate: Disaccharide 8. Proteins are composed of amino acids monomers, which are joined together by peptide bonds. 9. Which of the following are considered the primary source of energy of cellular metabolism? Carbohydrates 10. Olive oil is an example of an unsaturated fatty acid, which means it is not bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible, instead, they are bonded to other groups of atoms.

Lab Quiz 3: Chemical Composition of Cells 1. What kind of macromolecule is Albumin? Protein 2. The Benedict Test identifies what type of macromolecule? Monosaccharides 3. Which test would you use to test for presence of lipids? Paper Test 4. Water was used as a sample for all of your experiments, this is because water serves as: negative control 5. In the Paper Test, the paper turns translucent (gets a grease spot) in presence of lipids. True 6. Which of the following tests required the samples to be heated? Benedict Test 7. What color indicates a positive result for presence of proteins? Dark blue-purple 8. Below are the results of a mock benedict test performed in lab. Match the letter with the corresponding result of the test. Prompts A – No reducing sugars B – Trace amounts of reducing sugars C – Moderate amounts of reducing sugars D - High amounts of reducing sugars 9. For how long should the samples be heated when testing the presence of simple sugars? 3 min 10. The Biuret Test identifies what type of macromolecule? Protein

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Lecture Quiz 4: Chapter 4 1. What type of macromolecule are enzymes? Proteins 2. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP ) is the main energy currency of cells? 3. The graph shows a spontaneous reaction. Which letter best describes the activation reaction line of an uncatalyzed reaction? A (purple line with the highest hump) 4. Why is the enzyme’s active site said to be like a lock and key mechanism? A substrate and an enzyme’s active site must have the exact same shape for it to bind. (Like a puzzle piece or a certain key that fits a lock, they bind) 5. A protein that lowers the activation energies of chemical reactions inside the cell is called a enzyme 6. Every energy transformation leads to an increase in the amount of disorganization or disorder. This concept is known as: Entropy Feedback: An important concept in physical systems is that of order and disorder (also known as randomness). The more energy that is lost by a system to its surroundings, the less ordered and more random the system is. Scientists refer to the measure of randomness or disorder within a system as entropy.

7. The graph below shows a spontaneous reaction. Which letter best describes the activation reaction line of a catalyzed reaction? B (the green line with the lower hump) 8. First law of thermodynamics is the Law that states that energy may be transferred from place to place or transformed into different forms, but it cannot be created or destroyed. 9. Match the following letters to the correct tonicity. A. Hypertonic (water goes out) B. Isotonic (water goes in and out) C. Hypotonic (water goes in) *like a hippopotamus goes into water*

Lab Quiz 4: Enzymes 1. What did measuring the bubble column heights in the experiments indicate? The bubble column represents the amount of helium created as the reaction proceeds. 2. Enzymes are composed of which organic molecule? Proteins 3. On the figure, which letter represents the product? C (the brown & green leaving the purple) 4. Match the reaction observed for the following reactions. Hydrogen peroxide and Water – No enzymatic reaction Catalase and Hydrogen peroxide – Lots of enzymatic reaction Catalayse and Water - No enzymatic reaction 5. On the figure, which letter represents the enzyme? B (the purple)

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6. On the image, which letter represents the substrate(s)? A (the brown/green outside the purple) 7. Test Tube E1 which had 1 ml of enzyme had the least amount of enzymatic reaction in comparison to Test tube E2 with 2mL of enzyme. True