Week 1 Ch 1 Lab 1. Lab Safety

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South Texas College *

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1408

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Chemistry

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Dec 6, 2023

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Note: All your answers to questions must be in Red or other colors (not including blue) for easier grading. Points will be deducted if you do not distinguish your answers. Lab 1. Lab Safety Objectives:  Engage in good laboratory practices.  Properly use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).  Identify the location and proper use of emergency equipment.  Recognize the meaning of common laboratory safety signs.  Interpret data on the safety diamond. Introduction: Laboratory safety involves all the measures taken by the laboratory worker, laboratory owner, institution, and regulatory agencies to eliminate potential harm to human health and well-being. Although steps are taken to reduce risks in the workplace, safety is a matter of personal responsibility . A lab may have several safety hazards that must be known and understood by all students or employees working in the lab. It is the responsibility of each person in the lab to know and follow basic laboratory safety rules, to understand how to safely operate equipment, understand the hazards of materials they are working with and to work to reduce potential risks. In the event of an accident, it is critical to know the location and use of emergency equipment. Having this knowledge should help to prevent accidents and minimize damage that might occur in the event of an accident. Laboratory Safety Guidelines and Contract General Rules  No guests are allowed in the lab.  Know emergency procedures, use and location of emergency equipment (emergency exits, fire extinguishers, fire blanket, eye wash station, first aid kit, and broken glass container).  In case of fire, evacuate the room and assemble outside the building.  Report all accidents, no matter how insignificant they appear, to a laboratory supervisor.  Be aware of your surroundings and potential dangers created by others. Personal Protection  Do not smoke, eat, drink, chew gum, or apply cosmetics in a laboratory.

 Wear protective clothing such as long pants, closed-toe shoes, a lab coat, and goggles.  Tie long hair up or behind the shoulders. Do not wear long, dangling jewelry or scarves.  Dispose of gloves in the laboratory trash. Do not wear lab coats and gloves in public areas. You will need to dispose of gloves and take off your lab coat before leaving the lab.  Cover cuts or scrapes with a sterile, waterproof bandage before entering a lab.  Wash skin immediately and thoroughly if contaminated by chemicals or microorganisms.  Wash your hands regularly, with soap and water, especially after working with bacteria.  If you are pregnant or ill, please let your lab instructor know immediately.  Let your lab instructor know before leaving the classroom. Handling Chemicals  Keep all containers capped with the appropriate lid. Clearly label items produced in the lab.  If a chemical is splashed into the eyes or skin, flush for 15 minutes.  Clean up spills and broken glass immediately. Use a broom and dustpan to pick up broken glass.  Keep chemicals away from direct heat or sunlight. Keep containers of alcohol, acetone, and other flammable liquids away from flames.  Read labels carefully. Be aware of hazardous chemicals and precautions for safe use.  Follow instructions about proper disposal of lab reagents. Handling Equipment  Keep your work area clean and clutter-free.  Be aware of your potential impact on others.  Notify lab supervisor of malfunctioning equipment.  If you do not know how to use an instrument or equipment, then do not touch it.  Do not use laboratory equipment without first receiving instruction in its use.  Keep balances clean and dry, always use weigh paper/boats.  Never leave heat sources unattended. Be careful when using hot plates or burners. Note that there is often no visible flame, glow or sign that those objects are hot.

Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) A quick assessment of a chemical’s hazards is visible on its container on a Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) label. HCS labeling does not replace the more detailed Safety Data Sheet (SDS) but gives the following information in brief:  Name, Address, and Phone Number of Responsible Party (i.e., the manufacturer or distributor)  Chemical Identification - chemical name and code or batch number that matches the information found in Section 1 of the chemical's SDS.  Signal Word - "DANGER" for more severe hazards or "WARNING" for less severe hazards  Hazard Statements - a brief description of the hazard(s)  Precautionary Statements (optional) - prevention, response, storage, and disposal  Hazard Category Numbers 1-4 (optional) - "1" for the most severe hazard to "4" for the least severe  Pictograms See Table 1 . Pictograms are red-bordered, diamond shapes that frame a black graphic on a white background, and these symbols depict the type of hazard(s). HCS labels are required by the Occupation Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and are standardized, having been adopted from the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) set by the United Nations. Table 1. HCS Pictogram Guide Pictogram Hazard Class Hazard Type Example of Signal Word & Hazard Statement Flammables Self-Reactive Self-Heating Pyrophoric Emits Flammable Gas Organic Peroxides Physical DANGER Heating may cause a fire

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Explosives Self-Reactive Organic Peroxides Physical WARNING Fire or projection hazard Gas under pressure Physical WARNING Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated Corrosive to Metals Skin Corrosion/Burns Eye Damage Physical Health DANGER Causes severe skin burns and eye damage Oxidizer (gases) Oxidizers (solid or liquid) Physical Health WARNING May intensify fire, oxidizer Acute Toxicity (fatal or toxic) Health DANGER Fatal if swallowed

Carcinogen Mutagenicity Respiratory Sensitizer Reproductive Toxicity Target Organ Toxicity Aspiration Toxicity Health DANGER May cause cancer Irritant (skin and eyes) Dermal Sensitizer Acute Toxicity (harmful) Narcotic Effects Respiratory Tract Irritation Hazardous to Ozone Layer (optional) Health Other WARNING Causes skin irritation (Optional label) Environmental Toxicity Aquatic Toxicity Environme nt WARNING Toxic to aquatic life National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Hazard Rating System The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Hazard Rating System ( Figure 1 ) was designed for emergency workers such as fire responders to be able to swiftly get basic information about the hazards of a chemical from a simple label. The diamond-shaped label is divided into four color-coded squares, and inside each square is printed a ratings code or number from 0- 4, with "0" as the least severe hazard to "4" as the most severe. Inside the red square, the number indicates the flammability rating; blue indicates the health hazard rating; yellow indicates the chemical's instability; and the white square indicates any special hazards.

Figure 1. NFPA Hazard Rating System shows what the numbers, colors, symbols, and letters represent. Part 1. Laboratory Safety Video Watch Lab 1: Safety Video and answer the questions below. 1. Why should you read the lab before you come to lab? Because this will help you know what to do as well as alert you to any safety concerns associated with your lab procedures, while reading the lab manual take special note of any procedures that are marked with safety icons pay attention to the specific procedural steps associated with these icons if you have any questions about lab or safety talk with your instructor before starting the activities. 2. What are the types of PPE required in a laboratory? Body must be covered from torso to feet in both a sitting and standing position, skin should not be exposed. Wear gloves to protect hands, lab coats are to be always worn in the lab, do not wear loose clothing, that includes dangling jewelry or scarves, and watches should be removed before entering the lab. Cover all cuts and scrapes with bandages to promote healing and reduce chances of picking up infection. Wash skin immediately and thoroughly if contaminated by chemicals or microorganisms. Wear protective clothing such as long pants, closed- toe shoes, a lab coat, goggles, and gloves. The shoulder and full arms

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must be covered, roll up loose sleeves if you are using open flames, long hair must be tied back. Be aware of all emergency equipment, exits, and routes. Notify your instructor immediately, if you are pregnant or ill. 3. How should you dispose of glass waste? If you break any glassware, don’t pick up the pieces of broken glass with your hands instead use a broom and dustpan to gather the broken glass. Ask your instructor how and where to dispose of this broken glass. All broken glass goes into the broken glassware container where you can safely dispose of broken glass. 4. How should you dispose of chemicals? Dispose of chemicals as per directions from your instructor, dispense reagents carefully and safely as directed. 5. What should you do if a chemical gets in your eyes? If a chemical is splashed into your eyes (or skin), flush for 15 minutes, use the eye wash stations and emergency showers. If anything is splashed into your eyes, wash your eyes thoroughly and immediately, tell your lab instructor what happened. 6. Why do you need to keep a clean and tidy laboratory area? It is important to prevent contamination; therefore, working surfaces must be kept clean, orderly, and in a sanitary condition to be an efficient, effective, safe, and reliable environment in which to work. 7. What should you do if you do not know what to do? Make sure you understand, if you do not then ask your instructor to explain anything you are unsure about such as any questions about lab or safety please talk with your instructor before starting the activities. 8. What should you do if there is a fire in the laboratory? In case of a fire, evacuate the room and assemble outside the building. 9. Why are you not allowed to wear shorts/short skirts and open-toed shoes? Shorts, short skirts, and open-toed shoes exposes skin which does not protect against harsh chemicals; therefore, the body must be covered by full length pants, leggings are not allowed, and shorts are unacceptable. Proper shoes (closed toed) composed of impermeable material must be worn because dropping or spilling equipment or

chemicals on bare feet is dangerous. 10. When should you wear your lab coat? Lab coats will be always required in the lab, do not wear lab coats in public areas and always remove the lab coat before leaving the lab. 11. Why do you think you are not allowed to eat, drink, or apply cosmetics in lab? Eating, drinking, or applying cosmetics is not allowed in the lab because many chemicals in the lab can be harmful/poisonous. This will cause you to get ill if it lands on the food, beverage or cosmetics which naturally meets your mouth. 12. What are some of the last steps you should take before leaving the lab? It is important to always use good housekeeping practices. The duties to perform before leaving the lab are to clean your lab table and area, put away all the equipment and be aware of your potential impact on others. Dispose of gloves in the laboratory trash. Do not wear lab coats and gloves in public areas. Part 2. Laboratory Safety Contract STUDENT LAB SAFETY RULES & ACKNOWLEDGMENT The scientific laboratory is a place of adventure and discovery. Some of the most important events in scientific history have happened in laboratories. The antibiotic powers of penicillin were discovered in a laboratory. The plastics used today for clothing and other products were first made in a laboratory. The list is endless. One of the first things any scientist learns is that working in the laboratory can be an exciting experience. However, the laboratory can also be quite dangerous and needs proper safety rules. Read them carefully once or twice. Make sure you understand each rule. If you do not, ask your instructor to explain any rules you are unsure of. Whenever I am in an area where laboratory experiments are being performed, I agree to abide by the following rules: In case of emergency, students may be assigned to call appropriate emergency personnel. a. Campus Security dial: 1911 b. Ambulance service dial: 9911

1) If the fire alarm sounds or if you detect smoke, it is important to evacuate the building quickly. 2) Wear safety goggles to protect your eyes. 3) Wear personal protective equipment (PPE) and proper attire listed below. (Body MUST be covered from torso to feet.) a. Must wear gloves to protect your hands. b. Lab coats will be required in the lab at all times. c. No loose clothing should be worn. d. Full length pants will be required. Leggings are not allowed. These do not protect against harsh chemicals. Shorts are unacceptable. e. You must wear clothing that covers from the clavicle (collarbone) down to the feet in both a sitting and standing position. Skin should not be exposed from the collarbone down to the toes. f. The shoulder and full arms must be covered. g. Completely closed toed shoes are required. Proper shoes will be composed of impermeable material. h. Long hair must be tied back. i. No dangling jewelry is allowed. Remove watches before entering the lab. j. Be aware of all emergency equipment, exits, and routes. 4) Use good housekeeping practices at all times (table and area must be clean before you leave). 5) Use only authorized equipment and work only when the laboratory instructor or qualified personnel is present. 6) Treat laboratory reagents as if they are poisonous and corrosive. 7) Dispense reagents carefully. Dispose of laboratory reagents safely as directed. 8) When heating a test tube, point the top of the test tube away from yourself and others. Always handle hot test tubes with clamps. 9) Broken glass should not be picked up with your hands. Use a broom and dustpan and discard all broken glass in the “Broken Glassware” container.

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10) Use the fume hood when dealing with dangerous, smelly, or toxic chemicals. 11) Do not eat, drink, use tobacco, or apply cosmetics in the laboratory. 12) Report all incidents to the laboratory instructor. 13) Become familiar with each laboratory assignment before coming to the laboratory. 14) Anticipate the common hazards that may be encountered in the laboratory. 15) Become familiar with actions to be taken in the event of accidents in the laboratory. 16) Be familiar with the safety precautions for each experiment. 17) Do not leave the experiment unattended. 18) Students with medical conditions are responsible for meeting with their respective health care providers to determine proper care and determine if they should drop the course. 19) Don't put any chemicals back into the containers, sink or trash unless instructed to do so. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS): Federal law requires that written information regarding hazardous chemicals used in the lab be available to all students and employees. MSDS sheets are provided to STC (South Texas College) by the manufacturer of the chemicals we use and are available in each lab. The MSDS information includes:  Common and chemical name of any ingredient found in a concentration greater than 1% that poses a health hazard  Health hazards and routes of bodily entry of hazardous materials  Safe use and handling instructions  Procedures for cleaning up a spill or leak  Proper emergency first aid  Date of preparation, name, address, and telephone number of whoever is responsible for preparing and distributing the MSDS Hazardous Material Labeling All containers of hazardous materials must be labeled in accordance with Federal and State regulations. Hazardous material labels must:  Identify the hazardous material/chemical  Include appropriate hazard warning

 List the name and address of the manufacturer or other responsible party National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Labels This label is required on all containers. It consists of four color-coded sections, each of which contains a numerical code. The color is used to designate the type of risk and the numerical code is used to designate the level of risk. Health Hazard (Blue)  4 Extreme: Highly toxic-short term exposure may be fatal. Special protective equipment is required.  3 Serious: Toxic-avoid inhalation or skin contact. Can cause serious injury on short exposure.  2 Moderate: Moderately toxic-may be harmful if inhaled or absorbed. Can cause temporary incapacitation or injury without prompt medical attention.  1 Slight: Slightly toxic-may cause slight irritation and can cause minor residual injury.  0 Minimal: All chemicals have some degree of toxicity. When you are satisfied that you understand all the rules of this list, sign the safety contract in the place provided. Signing this contract tells your instructor that you are aware of the rules of the laboratory. STUDENT SAFETY CONTRACT I, __Ginger M. Pastore__, a student at South Texas College, have thoroughly read the Laboratory Safety Rules and do hereby agree to follow all safety rules and procedures given therein. I will conduct myself in a safe and conscientious manner in the laboratory. I will not perform any unauthorized lab procedure. I understand that misbehavior in the lab or failure to follow safe lab procedures could cause a serious accident. I further understand that a violation of these rules could result in my not being allowed to participate in future lab exercises. I have observed the location of each piece of safety equipment in the room in which my laboratory class meets, room _ (ONLINE)_ __. Fill in location of Emergency equipment's: Fire extinguishers: _____ ( N/A: Online) _ ___ Eye washes: __ (N/A: Online) _____ Body showers: _____ (N/A: Online) ______ First aid kits: ___ (N/A: Online) ___

All exits from room: ___ (N/A: Online) _________________________________________ Student Signature: __Ginger M. Pastore____ Date: __9/1/23__ Licenses and Attributions:  " Lab Safety and Laboratory Notebook " by Orange County Biotechnology Education Collaborative , LibreTexts is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 .

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