NHA Study Guide

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School

Arizona Western College *

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Course

202

Subject

Chemistry

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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4

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Module 1 Phlebotomy Fundamentals Sputum: fluid from the lungs that people cough up Ergonomics: design and arrangement of objects so that people interact with them most efficiently and safely Infection: invasion and proliferation of pathogens in body tissues The heart: Pericardium: wall of heart (membrane) three layers Four chambers Four valves 1 beat corresponds to: atrial contraction, ventricular contraction, and recovery Beat 60 to 80 times a minute Mucous membrane : the moist inner lining of tubular structures including the mouth, esophagus, stomach and intestines Fomites: medical equipment and supplies Vectors : insects Chain of Infection  Nosocomial infections result when the Chain of Infection is complete  The chain of infection is listed below in order   1. Pathogen: must be present (bacteria, virus, parasite, fungi) 2. Reservoir: patient carrying pathogen (person, animals, soil, food, water) 3. Portal of Exit : how pathogen is released from the reservoir (droplets, coughing, sneezing, feces) 4. Mode of Transmission: trail pathogen takes to pass directly from the source to new host (direct contact, indirect, vectors) 5. Portal of Entry: by which a pathogen enters a new host (mouth, cuts,nose, eye) 6. Susceptible Host : person who cannot fight off the pathogen (elderly, infants, immunocompromised,, ANYONE) Precautions 1. Airborne precautions: required for patients who have infections that spread via droplets that are super fucking small (use N95 for varicella. Tuberculosis, measels) 2. Droplet precautions: required for patient who have infections that spread via droplets that are larger than 5 microns (wear normal mask for rubella, meningitis etc) 3. Contact precautions: required for patient who have infection that can spread via direct contact like (herpes, wound infections. Scabies, bacterial infections) must wear gloves and GOWNS c-diff mrsa vre Edema: excessive buildup of fluid in body tissue
Wash hands for 20 seconds Module 2: Safety and Compliance Joint Commission: certifies shit makes sure workers are following rules OSHA: protects workers from getting infections and sick CLISI: safety of patients quality control HIPPA: Patients information MODULE 3: Patient Preparation Basal State: fasting for 12 hours typically in the morning upon waking Fasting: not eating or drinking liquids unless its water for 8-12 hrs Gravity: level of urine concentration URINE 1. Random urine sample: patient just has to urinate into the container, no special preparation 30 to 60 mL is enough must be stored in refrigerator if done at home CAN BE DONE AT ANY TIME OF THE DAY 2. Fasting First morning: collect first morning pee used for PREGNANGY AND GLUCOSE 3. Clean Catch midstream: sterile container detects bacteria USE SOAPY WATER TO CLEANSE YOUR COOCHIE 4. Timed Urine Specimen: big container for 24 hour peeing record every time you pee for the day MUST BE REFIGERATORED Specific Gravity Normal Range: 1.003 to 1.030 Semen: room temp must reach lab within 1 hour MODULE 4: Routine Blood Collections 21 gauge is the most common one Anticoagulant tubes: light blue, green, lavender, gray, royal blue 1. Blood cultures: USED FOR BACTERIAL STUDIES 2. Light blue: USED FOR COAGULATION BLOOD TESTS 3. Green: USED FOR CHEMICAL LEVELS IN BLOOD POTASSIUM 4. Lavender: HEMATOLOGY TESTS 5. Gray: FOR GLUCOSE HELPS PRESERVE GLUCOSE 6. Royal blue: ELEMENT TESTING LIKE METAL S
7. Light Yellow: blood banks DNA testing USE CEPHALIC VEINS FOR OBESE PEOPLE TOURNIQUET 3 TO 4 INCCHES ABOVE PUNCTURE SITE ALLGERGIC TO ACOHOL: USE CHLORHEXIDINE MODULE: Special Collections Bruh Fasting glucose should be 70-110 mg/dL Normal WBC Count 4.4 to 11mm Normal Cholesterol Range 140 to 200 mg/dl 1. A phlebotomist is preparing to obtain a blood specimen from a patient for an erythrocyte sedimentation rate test. The technician should select a collection tube that has a top with which of the following colors? - Lavender 2. A phlebotomist has a requisition form for a series of tests on a patients serum. The technician should select a collection tube that contains which of the following additives? - Thrombin (which helps accelerate clotting for serum specimens) 3. A phlebotomist is preparing to obtain a blood specimen from a patient for thyroid studies. The technician should select a collection tube that has a top with which of the following colors? - Speckled (tiger top/golden) 4. A phlebotomist is preparing to obtain a blood specimen to determine a patient’s sodium level. The technician should select a collection tube that has a top with what color? - Green 5. Which of the following test results are affected when a phlebotomist uses povidone iodine to cleans a site for a dermal puncture? - Potassium 6. A phlebotomist has a requisition form to perform a chromosome analysis for a patient. T he technician should select a collection tube that contains what additive? - Heparin (anticoagulant that produces plasma!) 7. To prevent hospital acquired infections, a phlebotomist should clean items that have been contaminated by blood with a 1:10 dilution of which of the following substances and water? - Sodium hypochlorite or chlorine bleach 8. A phlebotomist is using the syringe method to obtain a blood culture specimen from an adult patient. Which of the following actions should the technician take? - Withdraw the blood into a sterile safety syringe - Transfer blood to ANAerobic bottle first - Collect 2o ml of blood so you can put 10 ml in each culture bottle 9. Prior to transport, which of the following specimens should a phlebotomist place in an ice bath within 30 min after collection? - Aterial Blood Gas
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10. A phlebotomist is preparing to collect a patients troponin T level. Which of the following troponin T levels should the technician immediately report to the provider? - 0.03 ng/ml - Normal range is 0 to 0.2