nr302 week 5

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Estrella Mountain Community College *

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HCR 240

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Biology

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Jan 9, 2024

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docx

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3

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Inspecting and Palpating the Head Some questions to ask when inspecting and palpating the head include: Is the head posture erect or slumped? What might that indicate? Is there symmetry (equality) comparing one side of the head to the other? Are any obvious lumps viewable? Are there any lumps or abnormalities that are palpable but not visible? Are there any signs of parasitic infestations? Are there any palpated depressions or soft areas over the skull (adults)? Are the fontanelles soft or depressed (infants)? Inspecting and Palpating the Neck The assessment of the neck should include the inspection and palpation of the neck structures including the lymph nodes, trachea, and thyroid. Inspect the neck for symmetry and midline alignment of the trachea scars that might indicate prior surgeries visible lumps or areas of protrusion or swelling over the anterior aspect of the neck Palpate the neck for lumps or protrusions (note the size, density, ease of mobility, and overall shape) location of the trachea (which should be midline) Inspecting and Palpating the Lymph Nodes Lymph nodes are small, oval-shaped structures located in the neck, under the arms, and in the groin region. The largest number of lymph nodes in the body are found in the neck area. It is important to inspect and palpate for enlarged lymph nodes because they can be a sign of serious problems that need to be evaluated further. Most lymph nodes are not palpable when someone is healthy. Occasionally, a palpable lymph node can be felt, is usually less than 1cm, soft, non-tender, and slightly movable. Inspecting the Nose Assessing the nose includes inspecting the contour and symmetry of the nasal form, as well as the nostril openings. Differences in nasal size can suggest partial or complete blockage of the nasal passage. Also, note piercings, which could be at risk for infection or injury. Using a light source to view the inside of the nose, look for septal deviation or perforation, which could impact insertion of a nasogastric or feeding tube. Assess the nose for: patency size, shape, and sign of deviation loss of smell or taste
injury to the nasal cartilage history of nosebleeds drainage Abnormalities of the head and neck include headaches head deformities thyroid gland disorders fetal alcohol syndrome Down Syndrome parotid gland enlargement Abnormalities of the nose, mouth, and throat include nasal deformities lip lesions or cracking tooth decay, gingivitis, or tooth loss infection of the pharynx A concussion (not impalement, cerebrovascular accident, or contusion) is caused by acceleration-deceleration force after a mechanical force hits the head. There are certain foods and supplements that impair the absorption of levothyroxine. Those are: iron supplements or multivitamins containing iron calcium supplements biotin antacids that contain aluminum, magnesium or calcium some ulcer medications some cholesterol-lowering drugs A client with primary hypothyroidism may present with low T4 and high TSH . Low T3 and T4 are caused by the destruction of the thyroid gland. Low T4 stimulates the pituitary gland to release more thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) as a response. Risk factors for eye diseases and vision loss may include
family history of eye disease, or a disease like diabetes that can cause retinal changes certain lifestyle behaviors (e.g., smoking, alcohol use) ultraviolet (UV) damage poor nutrition the presence of disease biomarkers as in the case of age-related macular degeneration high intraocular pressure in the case of glaucoma Risk factors for hearing impairment may include genetic predisposition for hearing loss loud, excessive music chronic ear infections cerumen buildup Abnormal findings of the eye include extraocular muscle dysfunction external structure abnormalities eyelid lesions pupil abnormalities visual field loss vascular disorders internal structure abnormalities Abnormal findings of the ear include external structure abnormalities hearing loss ear lesions internal structure abnormalities
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