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1. What is a hematocrit? Percent of red blood cells in a blood sample 2. What type of formed element is most abundant? Red Blood Cells 3. Which cell type is an agranulocyte? Monocytes 4. What is a normal white blood count ? 4,500 cells per microliter of blood 5. Which cell type is an agranulocyte? Monocytes 6. What describes platelets ? Cytoplasmic fragments of cells 7. What is the correct sequence for differentiation of a red blood cell? Hemocytoblast, myeloid stem cell, erythroblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte 8. What is the primary function of lymphocytes? To act against foreign substances. 9. Biliverdin and bilirubin are pigments that result from the breakdown of ? Hemoglobin
10. order of the breakdown products of hemoglobin ? Hemoglobin → heme → biliverdin → bilirubin 11. Iron is a component of ? Heme 12. Which of the formed elements releases serotonin ? Platelets 13. Which WBCs function as a phagocytes? Neutrophils 14. Cyanosis occurs when ? The blood concentration of 15. deoxyhemoglobin is abnormally high. 16. What type of white blood cell is important in immunity ? Lymphocytes 17. diapedesis ? The movement of white blood cells through blood vessel walls. 18. The hormone __________ controls red blood cell production via a __________ feedback mechanism? erythropoietin; negative 19. Creatinine is an example of what type of plasma component? Nonprotein nitrogenous substances
20. What would be a result of starvation or a protein-deficient diet? Decreased blood protein concentration; water accumulation in tissue spaces 21. What component of blood plasma has the greatest influence on colloid osmotic pressure? Plasma Proteins 22. Plasma electrolytes include ? bicarbonate, magnesium, chloride, and potassium ions 23. difference between serum and plasma ? Plasma contains fibrinogen; serum does not. 24. thrombus definition ? A blood clot that forms abnormally in a blood vessel 25. Thrombocytopenia is due to a ? Deficiency of Platelets 26. What is released by platelets as a platelet plug forms? Serotonin 27. What type of antigens are found on the surface of red blood cells of a person with type AB blood? Both antigens A and B
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28. What blood type can successfully be given to a person with type AB blood? All blood types Chapter 15 29. Blood vessels called __________ carry blood toward the heart, and __________ carry blood away from the heart. ? Veins/ Arteries 30. What is a function of the pulmonary circuit? It carries oxygen- poor blood to the lungs. 31. What is a function of the systemic circuit? slow It carries oxygen- poor blood to the heart. 32. During ventricular contraction, what is the status of the atrioventricular valves? The mitral and tricuspid valves both are closed. 33. What forms the skeleton of the heart? 4 Fibrous rings around the valves 34. Blood flowing from the vena cavae to the pulmonary trunk passes through what series of structures? Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve 35. What layer lines the chambers of the heart? Endocardium
36. Name the layers of the wall of the heart and surrounding structures from deep to superficial. ? Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium, pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium, fibrous pericardium 37. Blood entering the right atrium comes from what structure(s)? Venae cavae and coronary sinus 38. What happens in the condition called mitral valve prolapse? One or more cusps bulge into the left atrium during ventricular contraction. 39. What chambers of the heart will contain oxygen-poor blood? Right atrium and right ventricle 40. Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle? Mitral valve 41. Constriction of the __________ reduces blood flow to the myocardium of the right side of the heart. This decrease in blood flow can result in____? stimulation right coronary artery; ischemia 42. Correctly described each ECG wave and what it represents ? Depolarization of atrial myocardium
43. What is the correct sequence of components of the cardiac conduction system? SA node → AV node → AV bundle → Purkinje fibers 44. Stimulation via the vagus nerve has what effect on heart function? They are parasympathetic impulses that decrease heart rate. 45. What is the normal pacemaker of the heart? Sinoatrial node 46. What causes the T wave on an ECG? Depolarization of atrial myocardium 47. On an ECG, the PQ interval indicates the time for a cardiac impulse to travel from the __________. SA node through the AV node 48. What term refers to an abnormally slow heart rate? Bradycardia 49. What type of arrhythmia is most life threatening? Ventricular fibrillation 50. The ventricular walls and the atrial walls each form a functional syncytium. What does this term mean? A mass of cells functioning as a unit 51. Role of internodal atrial muscle cells ? To carry cardiac impulses to areas of the atrial walls far from the SA node
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52. What is the effect of nitric oxide in blood vessels? Causes vasodilation 53. In capillary beds, the net inward pressure at the venular ends of the capillaries is less than the net outward pressure at the arteriolar ends of the capillaries. What is the result of this difference in pressures? More fluid leaves the capillaries than returns.

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