Bio 30 Unit 3 Lesson 1 Assignment

docx

School

Mount Royal University *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

Subject

Biology

Date

Jan 9, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by MagistratePanther411

Biology 30 Unit 3 Lesson 1 Assignment Total /61 1. Down’s syndrome is a human genetic condition caused by ________trisomy_______________ of the __21_____ pair of chromosomes. /2 2. Explain the process of crossing over in detail. During meiosis, specifically in prophase I, homologous chromosomes actively exchange sections of DNA through a process known as crossing over. This results in the creation of genetic diversity: an event occurring at points termed chiasmata that introduces new combinations of genetic material onto chromosomes. Shuffling alleles between chromosomes through crossing over enhances offspring variability: this process ultimately contributes to genetic diversity and population adaptation. /3 Use this information to answer the question. 3. The presence of only one X-chromosome in each body cell of a human female produces a condition known as Turner's syndrome. This condition most probably

results from process Z which is _nondisjunction____________________________. Symptoms of Turner’s syndrome include: The absence or partial loss of an X chromosome in females, due to nondisjunction, causes Turner syndrome. Short stature, delayed puberty, and physical features such as a webbed neck are common symptoms. In addition, one may also experience infertility; heart and kidney issues; as well as learning difficulties. /3 Use the following information to answer the next question The following statements are related to the events which occur in the various stages of a cell cycle. 1. Chromosomal alignment occurs in the equatorial plate. 2. Chromosomes become longer and thicker. 3. Chromatids separate and move to opposite poles. 4. Chromosomes shorten and thicken. 5. Chromosomes duplicate. . 4. Place the matching number in the blank. ____4___prophase ____1___metaphase ____2__ telophase ____3__ anaphase ____5_ interphase /5 5. Which of the following represents anaphase? A. B. C. D.

/1 Use the diagram to answer the nest question. 6. The row below that identifies process 1 and process 2 is /1 Row c Use the diagram to answer the question.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

7. DNA replication will occur during stages A. 1 only B. 1 and 2 C. 2 and 3 D. 3 and 4 /1 8. A haploid number of chromosomes can be defined as The haploid number of chromosomes signifies the distinctive count within a cell when it exists in its haploid phase, constituting precisely half of the total chromosomes present in diploid cells, which carry two complete sets. In humans, this corresponds to 23 separate and unique chromosomes. Through the process of meiosis, a specific type of cell division involved in gamete formation, human cells, initially diploid, halve their chromosome count to produce gametes containing this haploid set of 23 chromosomes. /2 Use this diagram to answer this question. 2 4 5 1 3 interphase cell nucleus centriole chromatin chromosome spindle fiber chromatoid Four of the 48 chromosomes in a monkey cell are shown. 240051 threads

9. The process shown will produce A. one functional ovum B. four diploid sperm cells C. four haploid sperm cells D. one sperm and three polar bodies /1 10. Which of the following statements about the production of gametes is correct? A. Equal cleavage occurs during oogenesis B. Polar bodies are formed during oogenesis C. Unequal cleavage occurs during spermatogenesis D. One functional sperm is formed during spermatogenesis /1 11. Meiosis involves A. one chromosome duplication and one cytoplasmic cleavage B. two chromosome duplications and no cytoplasmic cleavage C. one chromosome duplication and two cytoplasmic cleavages D. two chromosome duplications and two cytoplasmic cleavages /1 12. The function of meiosis is to 240038

Meiosis generates haploid gametes from diploid cells, ensuring the right chromosome count for reproduction. /2 13. A human sperm contains A . 23 chromosomes B. 23 pairs of chromosomes C. one set of homologous chromosomes D. two sets of homologous chromosomes /1 Use the diagram to answer this question. 14. Which phase of meiosis is represented in the diagram? A. Prophase I B. Anaphase II C. Metaphase I D. Metaphase II /1 One Phase of Meiosis 240025

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Use the diagram to answer this question. 15. The stage shown in the diagram is A. Interphase B. Prophase I C. Metaphase I D. Metaphase II /1 Refer to the diagram to answer this question. 16. The stages with a diploid number of chromosomes are A. 1, 2, and 3 B. 3, 4, and 5 C. 3, 5, and 1 200692 A Phase of Meiosis in a Cell larva larva pupa adult female adult male pupa fertilized eggs 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 oogonium spermatogomium Reproduction Stages of Drosophilia 240068

D. 1, 2, 3, and 4 /1 17. Which of the following statements about cell division is correct? A. Meiosis starts with the n number of chromosomes. B. Both meiosis and mitosis start with the 2n number of chromosomes. C. Meiosis starts with the n but mitosis starts with the 2n number of chromosomes. D. Meiosis starts with the 2n but mitosis starts with the 4n number of chromosomes. /1 18. If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis I, then what happens during the cell division? A. Two chromatids move to the same pole B. Three chromatids move to the same pole C. Two homologous chromosomes move to the same pole D. Only one homologous chromosome moves to each pole /1 19. Which of the following disorders is not a result of nondisjunction? A. Down syndrome B. Turner’s syndrome C. Parkinson’s disease D. Klinefelter’s syndrome /1 Use the diagram to answer this question. 20. Which of the following statements about the diagram is correct? A. The blastula cells will show trisomy. B. Nondisjunction occurred in the egg cell. 23 45 Egg Sperm Zygote mitosis Fertilization in Humans 240070

C. The zygote will show 22 normal pairs and one trisomy. D . The zygote will show 22 normal pairs and one monosomy. /1 Use the following diagram to answer the next 4 questions. 21. The syndromes produced at 2 and 4 respectively are A. Down and Turner B. Klinefelter’s and Down C. Turner and Klinefelter’s D. Trisomic female and Turner /1 22. Which zygote shown in the diagram will not survive? Why not? Zygote 3 lacks an X chromosome, leading to its inability to survive. /2 23. Which zygote shown in the diagram will produce an infertile male? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 /1 24. The zygotes shown in the diagram are produced as a result of

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

A. monosomy in the egg B. monosomy in the sperm C . nondisjunction in the egg D. nondisjunction in the sperm /1 Use the following information to answer this question. 25. Which of the following statements is correct in regard to the above karyotype? A. The karyotype is from the cells of a male with Down syndrome B. The karyotype is of a normal human somatic cell. C. The karyotype is from the cells of a female with Klinefelter’s syndrome. D. The karyotype is from the cells of a male with Klinefelter’s syndrome. /1

26. This evidence best supports which of the scientists’ hypotheses about gender determination? A . The presence of a Y chromosome causes maleness. B. The lack of a second X chromosome causes maleness. C. The presence of two X chromosomes causes femaleness. D. The Y chromosome is not involved in gender determination. /1

Use this diagram showing the life cycle of moss to answer this question. 27. Complete the following. a. Explain what is meant when we say the life cycle of moss involves alternation of generation. /2 b. In the diagram, which is the mature sporophyte and mature gametophyte? (Choose from A or B) A is the mature gametphyte and B is the mature sportophyte. /2 27. The following diagram shows four different stages in the life cycle of a plant cell. Identify and label each stage as prophase, metaphase, anaphase or telophase of mitosis. State one predominant feature of each stage which helped you identify it. Stage A Mitosis characterizes the metaphase stage by aligning duplicated chromosomes along the equator of the cell, also known as its metaphase plate. Spindle fibers attach to each chromosome's centromere and arrange them in a single file line; each chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids. This precise alignment guarantees an equitable distribution of genetic material to both daughter cells. Identifiable in the diagram, metaphase's prominent feature showcases a clear and organized arrangement of chromosomes along the cell's central plane; this positioning is crucial as it prepares for separation during anaphase the subsequent stage.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Stage B In mitosis, anaphase signifies a crucial stage: the moment when sister chromatids once positioned meticulously at the metaphase plate separate. They undertake migration towards opposing cell poles; this orchestrated separation occurs via spindle fibers attached to centromeres shortening and thus drawing apart the chromatids effectively converting them into distinct individual chromosomes. Anaphase's salient aspect, discernible in diagrams, is its remarkable feat of propelling chromosomes toward divergent cellular termini; through this action it ensures that genetic material distributes equally among nascent daughter cells being formed. Stage C In mitosis, anaphase marks a critical moment: the sister chromatids once aligned at the metaphase plate separate. They migrate towards opposing poles of the cell; this orchestrated separation is due to spindle fibers attached to centromeres shortening a process that pulls apart these chromatids and converts them into individual chromosomes. The diagram reveals an evident feature of anaphase: it showcases distinct movement as chromosomes make their way towards each end of the cell. This ensures equal distribution a crucial step in allocating genetic material into forming daughter cells. Stage D In Telophase, the final phase of mitosis: chromosome movement culminates as they reach opposite poles of the cell. The tightly packed chromosomes begin to decondense and transition into a more relaxed chromatin form; simultaneously new nuclear envelopes assemble around each separated set of chromosomes, enclosing them within discrete nuclei. The spindle fibers disintegrate: the cell, in response gears up for cytokinesis; it prepares to divide the cytoplasm and finalize the process of forming two individual daughter cells. A diagram illustrating a plant cell's life cycle highlights telophase this is where mitosis concludes with a visible reformation of nuclear envelopes around decondensing chromosomes. /8 28. Distinguish between chromosomes, chromatids, and chromatin. 200694 Stage A Stage D Stage C Stage B

Chromatin orchestrates the arrangement and packaging of DNA within the cell's nucleus, constituting a complex mix of DNA and proteins in eukaryotic cells. It's comprised of DNA, along with histone and non-histone proteins, and appears as an uncoiled, thread like structure during interphase, crucial for various cellular functions like transcription. Chromatids, formed during DNA replication, are identical copies of DNA joined together at the centromere. Each replicated chromosome consists of two sister chromatids, and during cell division, these chromatids separate, with each daughter cell acquiring a single chromatid. Chromosomes, carriers of genetic information, develop through the condensation and coiling of chromatin. Each chromosome comprises a single DNA molecule and in humans, normal body cells contain 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs. They bear genes and play a pivotal role in conveying genetic information during cellular division. In essence, chromatin in interphase forms a loose DNA protein complex, chromatids embody replicated and linked DNA copies, while chromosomes represent condensed and organized structures formed from chromatin during cell division. /3 29. In point form, compare mitosis and meiosis in detail. Cell Division Type: Mitosis: Occurs in somatic cell division, resulting in two identical daughter cells. Meiosis: Germ cell division yielding four non identical daughter cells. Number of Divisions: Mitosis: Single division. Meiosis: Two consecutive divisions: Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Genetic Variation: Mitosis: No exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, producing genetically identical daughter cells. Meiosis: In Meiosis I, crossing over leads to the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, fostering genetic diversity. Purpose: Mitosis: Primarily for growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction in some organisms. Meiosis: Formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells) and introducing genetic variability crucial for sexual reproduction. Number of Daughter Cells: Mitosis: Produces two identical daughter cells. Meiosis: Yields four non identical daughter cells. Chromosome Number:

Mitosis: Daughter cells maintain an identical chromosome number to the parent cell. Meiosis: Reduction division in Meiosis I halves the chromosome number in daughter cells compared to the parent cell. Occurrence: Mitosis: Occurs in all body (somatic) cells. Meiosis: Takes place in germ cells (sperm and egg cells) and is essential for sexual reproduction. /4 The following diagram represents a karotype done on an individual. Use the diagram to answer this question. 30. What is the sex of this individual and name the condition(s) the person will be afflicted with? Individuals with Turner syndrome typically possess a karyotype: one X chromosome commonly referenced as 45, X. This condition specifically impacts those assigned female at birth who deviate from the standard two X chromosomes to only have one (46, XX). These affected individuals may exhibit symptoms including but not limited to short stature; delayed or absent puberty; infertility heart and kidney abnormalities, along with certain learning difficulties are also prevalent. A karyotype displaying a 45, X pattern suggests that the individual is female and possibly has Turner syndrome. /2 32. Explain polyploidy. The term "polyploidy" denotes a genetic state in which an organism's cells harbor more than the customary amount of chromosome sets, surpassing the standard diploid tally. Two prevalent variants are as follows: triploid manifesting with three complete sets of chromosomes; and tetraploids marked by four intact ones. Cell division errors, such as nondisjunction in meiosis, have the potential to induce polyploidy through

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

their generation of abnormal gametic chromosome counts. Plants often experience this condition more than animals and humans do. Polyploid organisms frequently display distinct characteristics: they exhibit increased vigor, adaptability; their physical traits also undergo alterations. In the realm of evolution particularly in species diversification polyploidy plays a crucial role by introducing a significant source of genetic variation. /2

Bio 30 Unit 3 Lesson 1 Assignment

Related Documents