LAB REPORT #2 Fundamental Skills Madrid.doc.

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Arlene Madrid January 31,2023 BIOL 3226_21 Professor. Benzecry Lab Report #2 1. Define the following terms: -Batch culture system-A batch culture system is a way to grow microorganisms in a closed system where all of the necessary nutrients and conditions are added at the start and stayed the same throughout the growth period. Large-scale microorganism production and laboratory research both frequently use this kind of culture system. -Colony formation units (FCU)-The quantity of living bacteria or other microorganisms in a sample is measured in terms of colony forming units, or CFUs. Spreading a sample of the culture onto a solid growth media and counting the number of colonies that appear will yield this number. CFUs are a measurement of bacterial growth and a sign of how well antimicrobial treatments are working. -Contaminant-A microbe that is not present in the patient but can grow in culture and produce false results. -Culture media-In the laboratory, culture media is a material that helps microorganisms grow. A variety of nutrients, including carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals, can be found in culture media, which can be either solid or liquid. These nutrients assist the growth of particular microbes. Microorganisms like bacteria, yeast, or fungi are grown using various types of culture media. -Disinfectant-A disinfectant is a substance used to eradicate microorganisms from surfaces or objects, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In order to preserve hygiene and stop contamination, disinfectants are frequently employed in hospital settings, as well as in facilities that process food and water. -Incineration-In order to limit the amount of waste and get rid of germs, organic materials like trash or medical waste are burned at high temperatures as part of the incineration process. At order to stop the spread of disease, infectious trash like soiled bandages or sharps is frequently burned in healthcare facilities. Burning is another method used in microbiology to sterilize supplies and tools for the lab. -Inoculum- The process of transferring microbes from one medium to another is known as inoculation and the sample being transferred.

-Microbial mat- A microbial mat is a stratified, thick population of microorganisms that can be found in hot springs, soil, freshwater, or any number of other habitats. They are produced as a result of interactions and interdependencies between various species, such as bacteria, fungus, algae, and archaea. -Open culture system-An open culture system used in microbiology and biotechnology is referred to as a "open culture system" because the culture is exposed to the atmosphere, allowing for the interchange of gases and other materials between the culture and the environment. -Optical property- Optical properties refer to a material's physical properties that influence how it responds to light. In disciplines like optics, photonics, and materials science, certain characteristics, such as refractive index, absorption, and transmission, are significant. -Pure Culture-A pure culture is a sort of laboratory culture for microorganisms that contains just one kind, as opposed to mixed cultures, which include different kinds. Purified cultures are frequently obtained using methods like streaking or serial dilution. -Stock culture- A stock culture is a culture of microorganisms that is kept alive and saved for use as an inoculum in the future. Stock cultures, which are used to inoculate new cultures or studies, are normally preserved in liquid or freeze-dried form. -Sub-culture- A sub-culture is the process of transferring cells or inoculum from an existing culture to new growing medium to create a new culture. In microbiology, sub-culturing is frequently employed to retain or sustain cultures or to isolate pure strains of microorganisms. -Transient flora-The presence of microorganisms in and on our body have been recognized either as being temporary in nature. -Turbidity-The distribution of microorganisms throughout the liquid sample. 2.Define and describe the proper usage of the following culture media: -Agar deeps-Agar deeps are spherical tubes with screw-on lids that are filled with nutritional agar media that has solidified. They are used to cultivate and preserve numerous bacterial cultures in order to keep them alive for extended periods of time. Agar deeps are particularly helpful for preserving uncommon or slowly-growing microorganisms as well as subcultures that will be employed in future research. -Agar plates-Agar plates are flat, circular dishes used to cultivate and confine bacterial colonies. They are filled with solidified nutritional agar media. They are employed in a number of microbiological processes, including bacterial streaking, colony counting, and testing for

antibiotic sensitivity. Agar plates are frequently used to find and identify diverse bacteria in the medical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. -Agar slants-Agar slants are tubes that are angled and filled with hardened nutritional agar media. They are used to preserve the viability of the bacteria while growing and storing bacterial cultures for extended periods of time. It is simpler to see the growth and morphology of the bacteria because of the agar medium's vast surface area for bacterial growth. -Blood agar-A form of solid nutritional agar media called "blood agar" contains sheep or horse blood. Fastidious bacteria that need the nutrients and growth factors found in blood are grown and cultivated using it. Streptococcal, pneumococcal, and Haemophilus influenzae infections can all be diagnosed and identified using blood agar. It can also be used to assess a bacterium's hemolytic activity, or its capacity to lyse red blood cells. -Broth (liquid media)-The growth of microorganisms is facilitated by the presence of vital nutrients and growth factors in broth, a form of liquid nutrient media. It is employed in the cultivation and growth of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. In the early phases of bacterial cultivation, broth is especially helpful for carrying out a number of microbiological tasks such inoculation, bacterial enumeration, and biomass production. Different varieties of broths are used to cultivate various microorganisms, such as Sabouraud broth for the development of fungus and nutritional broth for general bacterial growth. -Complex media- Complex media is a type of culture medium that contains a variety of nutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and amino acids. It is often used for the growth of non-fastidious microorganisms or for the maintenance of microbial cultures. -Enriched media-Enriched media is a kind of culture medium that includes extra nutrients, including vitamins or blood derivatives, to encourage the growth of specific kinds of bacteria. Fastidious species, like certain bacteria and fungus, are frequently grown using this sort of substrate. -Nutrient media-Various nutrients, including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and amino acids, are present in nutrient media, a category of culture medium. It is frequently employed for the upkeep of microbial cultures or the growth of non-fastidious bacteria. -Saborause Dextrose media-Sabouraud A particular kind of culture medium called dextrose media is made for the growth of fungus. It is made out of a mix of agar, peptone, and dextrose.

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- Synthetic media-An example of a synthetic culture medium is one that combines specific nutrients including amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and carbs. It is frequently used to sustain microbial cultures or to develop non-fastidious bacteria. -Tryptone soy media-Tryptone soy media is a kind of culture medium that combines agar, soy peptone, and tryptone. It is frequently used to sustain microbial cultures or to develop non-fastidious bacteria. 3.What is the importance of the aseptic techniques? Aseptic technique is used to support procedures like cannulation, urinary catheter insertion, blood cultures, wound dressings, and intravenous medication administration. 4.Why must we wear gloves, lab coat and other protective apparel? They serve as defense against chemical splashes, spills, and, occasionally, heat and fire. If something pours on you, removing a lab coat fast will be considerably easier than removing your clothing, preventing the chemical from getting into contact with your skin. 5.Why is the culture characteristics important? We may learn about our past, the roots of our culture, and the unique characteristics of each person through culture since we are all aware of our limitations as individuals in a given location. Understanding culture is crucial because it allows us to identify what makes each group of people unique. Knowing a culture's traits enables us to adopt and be influenced by it, as well as to share our culture with others who are open to doing the same, whether they be a small or large group. 6. Explain the Leibig’s law of the minimum and the Shelford’s law of tolerance. According to Liebig's Law of the Minimum, the scarcest resource governs how much an organism or population grows (limiting factor). According to Shelford's Law of Tolerance, when limiting factors surpass the minimum or maximum tolerance levels for an organism or population, the expansion of those populations or organisms is constrained. 7. Identify and explain the meaning of the “Five I’s” Inoculation , incubation , isolation , inspection , and identification .

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