Introduction to Anatomy: Exploring Body Cavities and Planes

Lab 1 Introduction to Science BIO201L Student Name: Narek Hakobyan Access Code (located on the lid of your lab kit): AC-NFDQUK Lab Report Format Expectations Utilize college level grammar and professional formatting when completing this worksheet. Submissions without proper formatting, all required photos or sufficient responses will be rejected. Pre-lab Questions 1. This lab includes an experiment and two exercises that cover various terms associated with Anatomy and Physiology. For the following terms, write a description that you can then refer to later in the lab. ● Transverse plane One of the three anatomy planes used to show how parts of the body are arranged and how they move is the crosswise plane, which is also called the horizontal plane or the axial plane. As the name suggests, it is a horizontal line that separates the body or an organ into upper and lower parts. ● Sagittal plane In anatomy, the sagittal plane is one of the three main ways to show how things in the body are arranged and how they move. There is a straight line that goes from front to back and splits the body in half, left to right. ● Midsagittal plane The median plane, also called the middle or mid-sagittal plane, is a type of sagittal plane that splits the body in half, making each half equal and balanced. ● Coronal plane One of the three main anatomy planes used to show how parts of the body are arranged and how they move is the coronal plane, which is also called the frontal plane. The body is split into front (front) and back (back) parts by this straight plane that runs from side to side.

Lab 1 Introduction to Science BIO201L 2. Identify the major organs that are contained in each cavity listed below. Indicate whether they belong in a cavity subdivision, and if so, name the cavity subdivision. ● Dorsal cavity The dorsal cavity is split into two main sections.The brain is inside the cranial space. The spinal cord is inside the vertebral (or spinal) canal. ● Ventral cavity The heart, lungs, thymus gland, and major blood veins (aorta and vena cava) are all located in the thoracic region. The abdomen-pelvic space is further split into two areas: The stomach, liver, heart, pancreas, spleen, small intestine, and most of the large intestine (colon) are all in the abdominal region. The pelvic region is made up of the bladder, the uterus, the ovaries, the testes, and the end of the big intestine, which is called the rectal area. 3. Match the body cavities that have to be opened during the surgical procedures listed below. Note that more than one choice may apply. (a) thoracic (b) vertebral (c) abdominopelvic (d) pericardial (e) pleural (f) cranial Liver operation: Abdominopelvic Triple bypass heart surgery (arteries on the heart): Thoracic and Pericardial Stomach stapling: Abdominopelvic Removal of a section of lung or lobe: Thoracic and Pleural Manual pressure release of a brain tumor: Cranial Appendix removal: Abdominopelvic Gastric bypass surgery (stomach, small intestine): Abdominopelvic

Lab 1 Introduction to Science BIO201L 4. Fill in the blanks using your knowledge of regional landmarks from Figure 3. Regional Landmark Description (Layman’s Terms) acromial Where the shoulder meet the upper arm. umbilicus It is the belly button, a scar left from cutting the umbilicus cord Dorsum back antebrachium Upper Arm femur Thigh bone, the strongest and longest bone in the human body Popliteal back of knee sura Calf Muscle, located on the back of the leg Phalanges toes pollex thumb lumbus lower spin between the ribs and hipbone Olecranon back of elbow Oral mouth

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Lab 1 Introduction to Science BIO201L 5. In your own words, write a description next to each set of directional terms that will help you remember them. ● Posterior vs. anterior Posterior means towards the back vs Anterior means towards the front or surface ● Proximal vs. distal Proximal is closer towards the center vs Distal means further away from the center ● Superior vs. inferior Superior means higher or above vs Inferior means lower or below ● Superficial vs. deep Superfical means on the surface vs Deep means Deep ● Ventral vs. dorsal Ventral is for the front facing of the body vs Dorsal is the backside ● Medial vs. lateral Medial is towards the middle of the body vs Lateral is towards the sides of the body ● Contralateral vs. ipsilateral Contralateral is on the opposite sides of the body vs Ipsilateral is on the same side of the body

Lab 1 Introduction to Science BIO201L EXPERIMENT 1: ANATOMICAL TERMS Results and Discussion 1. Use your knowledge of anatomical directionality to describe position of the following by filling in the blank with the correct term: a. The heart is Medial to the lungs. b. The feet are Inferior to the head. c. The lungs are Anterior and Inferior to the pancreas. d. The left lung is Ipsilateral to the right lung. e. The hands are Distal to the shoulders. 2. Using your “Virtual Model”, describe the position of the liver in relation to the esophagus. Liver is inferior from the esophagus 3. Choose one body part or organ; describe its position relative to at least six other organs or body parts. 1. Lungs are lateral from the Heart, 2. Heart is posterior to the sternum, 3. Heart is medial to the lungs, 4. Diaphragm is inferior from the heart, 5.Heart is superior to the Diaphragm, 6. Sternum is anterior of the heart.

Lab 1 Introduction to Science BIO201L EXERCISE 2: ANATOMICAL PLANES Results and Discussion 1. Label the anatomical planes on the image below. a. Sagittal b. Coronal c. Transverse

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Lab 1 Introduction to Science BIO201L 2. Using anatomical planes and terms, describe where each body part or organ listed below is located. a. Gluteus: Pelvic b. Left carpal: Coronal c. Nose: Nasal d. Right lung: Sagittal

Lab 1 Introduction to Science BIO201L EXERCISE 3: BODY CAVITIES Results and Discussion 1. Label the body cavities on the image below with the correct terms. A. Cranial B. Verterbral C. Thoratic D. Diaphragm E. Abdominal F. Pelvic

Lab 1 Introduction to Science BIO201L 2. What are the boundaries for the following cavities? a. Thoracic cavity: Vertebra, Diaphragm, and Ribs b. Abdominal cavity: Diaphragm and abdominal c. Pelvic cavity: Rectum, Reproductive, and Bladder 3. You're doing rounds in the ER when a patient is rushed in. The patient suffered major trauma in a car accident. The damage is described as a prolapsed right lung that has penetrated the abdominopelvic cavity. Describe what damage the lung has suffered. Use your knowledge of body cavities, and anatomical planes and positions. Lungs are in the throatic cavity, when it is punctured in moves down toward the abdominopelvix cavity where the liver and stomach are located.

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BIO201 Lab 1

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