Understanding the Circulatory System: Lab 11 Insights

Lab 11 The Circulatory System BIO202L Student Name: Narek Hakobyan Access Code (located on the lid of your lab kit): AC-NFDQUK Lab Report Format Expectations Utilize college level grammar and professional formatting when completing this worksheet. Submissions without proper formatting, all required photos or sufficient responses will be rejected. Pre- lab Questions 1. Describe the pathway of blood traveling through the closed system of the circulatory system starting with the right atrium. Starting from the right heart, this is how blood moves through the vascular system: The superior and inferior vena cava bring blood from the body into the right atrium. The blood then goes to the right ventricle and is pumped to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. Blood takes in oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide in the lungs. Through the pulmonary veins, the oxygen-rich blood then goes back to the left chamber of the heart. First it goes from the left heart to the left ventricle. Then it goes through the artery to the rest of the body. 2. What are the main resistance vessels of the circulatory system? The main blood veins that don't let blood flow through them are called arterioles. Small arteries split off into arterioles, which then connect to capillaries. They have walls made of muscles that can get tight or loose to control blood pressure and movement. 3. How are they (the resistance vessels you noted in Question 2) controlled? The sympathetic nerve system is the main way that arteriolesis is controlled. Vasoconstriction is a process that can be caused by the sympathetic nervous system. This makes the arterioles shrink, which raises blood pressure and resistance. Besides tissue hypoxia and hormones like adrenaline, other biochemicals and local factors also affect how these vessels widen or narrow. This changes blood flow and pressure depending on what the body needs.

Lab 11 The Circulatory System BIO202L EXPERIMENT 1: MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF BLOOD VESSELS Introduction Questions For the following questions, provide reasonable estimates as stated. These estimates must be realistic for credit. ( Hint : These estimates are provided in the lab materials, so your responses should be close to those values.) 1. Give an estimate for how many times the heart beats over the course of a lifetime. 2.5 Billion Times 2. Give an estimate of how many liters of blood circulate in the human body every minute. 5.7 Liters per mintue 3. The heart must constantly deliver oxygen via blood cells to the rest of the cells in the human body. Provide an estimate of how many cells there are in the human body. Males 36 trillion and Females 28 trillion

Lab 11 The Circulatory System BIO202L Data and Observations 1. Label the arrows in the following two slides. A. Tunica Adventitia B. Tunica Intima C. Tunica Media D. Tunica Adventitia E. Lumen F. Tunica Media

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Lab 11 The Circulatory System BIO202L G. Tunica Intima

Lab 11 The Circulatory System BIO202L

Lab 11 The Circulatory System BIO202L Results and Discussion 1. What differences did you observe in the structure of an artery versus the structure of a vein? The artery's walls are bigger and thicker. There is fat around the line. 2. Which vessels allow diffusion of oxygen and nutrients across their cell layers? capillaries 3. List the vessels in order of ascending pressure within the circulatory system. Veins, venules, capillaries, arterioles, arteries

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Lab 11 The Circulatory System BIO202L EXPERIMENT 2: VIRTUAL MODEL - THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Introduction Questions 1. In the previous experiment, you studied the “microscopic” structure of the circulatory system. In this experiment, you will use the virtual model to examine the “macroscopic” anatomy of the circulatory system. Define the term “macroscopic” and ensure you provide a reasoning for when you would transition from describing a study as “microscopic” vs. “macroscopic”. Being macroscopic means being able to tell the difference between things on a large scale. 2. You would move on from being able to see things with your own eyes. 3. The names of arteries and veins often correspond to their location or the system they service. Based on this fact, what organ do you think the renal artery supplies? kidneys

Lab 11 The Circulatory System BIO202L Data and Observations Insert screenshot of the descending aorta below.

Lab 11 The Circulatory System BIO202L Insert screenshot of the brachial veins below.

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Lab 11 The Circulatory System BIO202L Insert screenshot of the femoral artery below.

Lab 11 The Circulatory System BIO202L Results and Discussion 1. In what body region does the aorta originate? Thoracic region 2. What branch of the external carotid artery supplies the chin/jaw region with blood? facial 3. Is the common iliac artery anterior or posterior to the common iliac vein? anterior 4. What is the name of the artery in the pelvic region that directly feeds into the femoral artery? External iliac artery

Lab 11 The Circulatory System BIO202L EXPERIMENT 3: BLOOD PRESSURE Introduction Questions 1. What is systolic pressure? Diastolic pressure? In the artery, systolic pressure is the force of blood going into it, and diastolic pressure is the pressure of blood leaving it. 2. Why is pressure a sensible reading to measure circulatory health? The test tells you how healthy your heart, arteries, and veins are. 3. Explain the “lub-dub” sounds of the heartbeat. It is the beginning of cardiac systole as the lub. It is made when fluid and valves move back and forth. As the heart beats, the dub sound is made when the aorta and pulmonary semilunar valves close. 4. Why is it important for blood to flow in only one direction? If blood that is oxygenated and blood that is not oxygenated mix, circulation will be less effective and homeostasis will not be reached.

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Lab 11 The Circulatory System BIO202L Data and Observations Record your observations as required by the experimental procedure in the table below. Table 1: Blood Pressure and Pulse Readings Activity Blood Pressure (Systolic/Diastolic; mmHg) Pulse (beats/minute) Basal (Normal) 115/78 62 Lying Down 109/71 64 After Exercise 138/85 120 Results and Discussion 1. Why do blood pressure and heart rate change after exercise? More oxygen is being pumped through the body to try to keep balance. 2. How might the results in Table 2 change if someone else preformed the activities? Why? Could be higher or lower based on how well their blood flows.

Lab 11 The Circulatory System BIO202L EXPERIMENT 4: FETAL PIG DISSECTION - THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Introduction Questions 1. What is the process that is responsible for moving molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration? Diffusion 2. In what part of the circulatory system does this happen (in reference to Question 1, above)? The capillaries

Lab 11 The Circulatory System BIO202L Data and Observations Insert a high resolution photo of the fetal pig you observed at the end of the experimental procedure, before you prepare it for storage . Your photo must include: ● Your handwritten name and access code must be clearly visible in the background. ● The required anatomical features according to the experimental procedure. Photos not meeting these requirements, or that are of too low a resolution to clearly make out these features, will result in this lab submission being rejected.

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Lab 11 The Circulatory System BIO202L Results and Discussion 1. Write a paragraph describing the features of the fetal pig circulatory system you observed. ( Hint : Your response should be 6-10 sentences.) The anatomy of a pig include the cardiovascular system, which consists of the heart, blood, and blood arteries. The blood is conveyed via the intricate network of blood arteries. The circulatory system of a pig closely resembles that of a person and has the function of distributing blood and nutrients throughout the body. The heart consists of four chambers, namely two atria at the top and two ventricles at the bottom. The inside of the heart is comprised of a smooth tissue called endocardium, which contains robust smooth muscle tissue.

BIO202 Lab 11

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