Understanding TSS, VSS, and Their Impact on Aquatic Life

Students name and ID:  Saloni Vasava (10325442)  Shabaz Ashraf khan (10321999)  Abhijith Ramachandran Nair Sreeja (10324876) TSS, VSS & SVI Lab Assignment /18 Helpful Formulas and Information: SVI ( mL g ) = Settled Volume ( mL L ) × 1000 mg g MLSS ( mg L ) Note: MLSS is the total suspended solids (TSS) conducted on a mixed liquor sample. The calculation for TSS is found below:

1. Explain the difference between the terms: TSS, TS, and VSS (3 marks) 1) Total suspended solid (TSS) refers to the solid particles that are left on a 1.5um glass fiber filter following the filtration and drying processes. 2) The particles that remain in a plate after sample evaporation are referred to as total solids (TS), also known as total residue on evaporation. consist of dissolved, settleable, and suspended solids. 3) The leftover TSS is heated to 550 degrees Celsius for an hour in a muffle furnace, which causes the organic substance known as volatile suspended solid (VSS) to burn off. 2. Distinguish between turbidity and TSS analysis. (2 marks) The term "TSS" refers to the number of suspended particles found in wastewater samples that can be captured by a 1.5um glass fiber filter. The amount of light reflected from the particles in water is a measure of turbidity, or cloudiness. A turbidity meter is used to measure turbidity in NTUs, or Nephelometric Turbidity Units. However, TSS is expressed in mg/L. 3. List and describe 2 different impacts that TSS originating from wastewater effluent could have in aquatic environments. (2 marks) A. Decreased Oxygen Levels: Water temperature can be raised by high total suspended solids (TSS) from wastewater effluent, which lowers dissolved oxygen (DO) levels. Aquatic life is harmed by this oxygen loss, which hinders their ability to breathe and survive.

B. Pathogen Spread: TSS serves as a surface on which infections can adhere and hide. This might contaminate ecosystems and water supplies, increasing the risk of waterborne diseases for both humans and aquatic organisms. Using the data collected in the lab, fill out the chart and answer the following questions: Sample Description Sample Vol. Tray weight NO SAMPLE Tray weight WITH SAMPLE after drying Tray weight after burning at 550 ° C Mixed Liquor 20 ml 1.5615 1.5660 1.5388 4. Calculate the TSS and VSS for the wastewater samples shown above (show each calculation). (4 marks)  TSS mg/L = [A(g) – B(g)] 1000mg/1g x 1000 ml C (ml) 1L = 1.5660-1.5615 x 1000 x 1000 ml = 102.23 mg/L 20 ml 1L TSS = 102.23 mg/L VSS mg/L= [A(g) – B(g)] 1000mg/1g x 1000 ml C (ml) 1L = 1.5660-1.5388 x 1000 x 1000 ml = 1360 mg/L 20 ml 1L VSS = 1360 mg/L 5 Using the sludge settling volume you observed in the lab ( 23mL/L) and the MLSS (TSS) you calculated above, calculate the SVI of the Mixed Liquor sample (show your calculations). (2 marks) Settled volume of sludge = 23 ml/l MLSS (TSS) = 225 mg/l Sludge Volume Index (SVI)= (settled volume of sludge) x (1000mg /g) / MLSS mg/l = (23ml/l) x (1000mg /g) / 225mg/l = 102.22mg/g 6 What does your SVI conclude about your sludge? (3 marks)  SVI is a measure of the volume in mL occupied by one gram of mixed liquor suspended solids after 30 minutes of settling. The value of our SVI is 102.23 mL/g. From the value we can conclude that the sludge is normal, good settling and with low efficient turbidity. 7 Trend your SVI result generated in the lab with the following data set:

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Day SVI Result mL/g 1 220 2 261 3 102.23 Do the SVI results follow a trend? If so, what adjustments should be made to the activated sludge process? (2 marks)  The value of our SVI is 102.23 mL/g. From the value we can conclude that the sludge is normal, good settling and with low efficient turbidity. So, after comparing the results we can say that if the SVI is decreasing the sludge is old, more dense, rapid settling and is more compact. With the decrease in SVI rate, the waste rate has to be increased and return rate has to be decreased.

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