gms 6531 review exam 1

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University Of Georgia *

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1103

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Problem Set 1: Endocrine and Pituitary Question 1 1 / 1 pts The majority of hormones secreted by the hypothalamus affect what structure? Kidneys Pineal gland Correct! Anterior pituitary Posterior pituitary Liver Question 2 1 / 1 pts The pineal gland secretes what hormone? Oxytocin ADH GnRH Erythropoietin Correct! Melatonin

Question 3 1 / 1 pts Vitamin D synthesis is completed in what structure? Correct! Kidneys Pineal gland Anterior pituitary Posterior pituitary Liver Question 4 1 / 1 pts Osteocalcin is which type of hormone? Steroid Monoamine Correct! Peptide Question 5 1 / 1 pts Which drug would be used to help maintain body mass during treatment for HIV? Octreotide Pegvisomant

Correct! Somatropin Leuprolide Bromocriptine Question 6 1 / 1 pts Octreotide mimics a hormone released from which structure? Anterior pituitary Posterior pituitary Pineal gland Correct! Hypothalamus Adrenal gland Question 7 1 / 1 pts Which drug blocks the effects of GH excess without altering GH expression? Octreotide Correct! Pegvisomant Somatropin

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Leuprolide Bromocriptine Question 8 1 / 1 pts Which drug would be used to treat unwanted lactation that is not associated with pregnancy or childbirth? Octreotide Pegvisomant Somatropin Leuprolide Correct! Bromocriptine Question 9 1 / 1 pts On-and-off dosing of GnRH would result in the release of FSH from which structure? Correct! Anterior pituitary Posterior pituitary Pineal gland Hypothalamus

Adrenal gland Question 10 1 / 1 pts Leuprolide stimulates secretion from which structure? Correct! Anterior pituitary Posterior pituitary Pineal gland Hypothalamus Adrenal gland Question 11 1 / 1 pts Ganirelix inhibits secretion from which structure? Correct! Anterior pituitary Posterior pituitary Pineal gland Hypothalamus Adrenal gland

Question 12 1 / 1 pts The hormone used to artificially induce labor in pregnant women is naturally stored and release by which structure? Anterior pituitary Correct! Posterior pituitary Pineal gland Hypothalamus Adrenal gland Question 13 1 / 1 pts A lack of which hormone would result in the elimination of abnormally large amounts of urine? Correct! Vasopressin Oxytocin GnRH LH FSH Question 14

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1 / 1 pts Which compound would be more appropriate for treating hemophilia A in a patient with high blood pressure? Vasopressin Correct! Desmopressin Question 15 1 / 1 pts Through which receptors does desmopressin exert the majority of its effects? V 1 Correct! V 2 Both V 1 and V 2 Problem Set 2: Corticosteroids Question 1 1 / 1 pts What structure produces corticosteroids? Correct! Adrenal gland Kidneys Liver Hypothalamus Pituitary gland

Question 2 1 / 1 pts Cortisol production (or administration) produces a feedback loop that effects its own production. Is this a positive- or negative-feedback loop? Positive Correct! Negative Question 3 1 / 1 pts Where are glucocorticoid receptors located? Extracellularly Trans-membrane Correct! Intracellularly Question 4 1 / 1 pts Do corticosteroids generally increase or decrease immune and inflammatory response? Increase Correct! Decrease Question 5 1 / 1 pts Are larger doses of corticosteroids required for replacement therapy or to achieve an anti-inflammatory response?

Replacement therapy Correct! Anti-inflammatory response Question 6 1 / 1 pts A patient with adrenal insufficiency is being prescribed oral hydrocortisone as a monotherapy. Which form of insufficiency do they likely have? Primary adrenal insufficiency Correct! Secondary adrenal insufficiency Acute adrenal insufficiency Question 7 1 / 1 pts What glucocorticoid is available OTC to treat allergic reactions to mosquito bites? Correct! Hydrocortisone Prednisone Spironolactone Dexamethasone Fludrocortisone Question 8

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1 / 1 pts What can cause glucocorticoid related toxicity? Continued use of glucocorticoids Withdrawal of glucocorticoids Correct! Both continued use and withdrawal of glucocorticoids Question 9 1 / 1 pts Which drug would be used to treat mineralocorticoid insufficiency? Hydrocortisone Prednisone Spironolactone Dexamethasone Correct! Fludrocortisone Question 10 1 / 1 pts What drugs would be used to treat elevated levels of mineralocorticoids? Hydrocortisone Prednisone Correct!

Spironolactone Dexamethasone Fludrocortisone Problem Set 3: Thyroid and Parathyroid Question 1 1 / 1 pts What do the 3 and 4 denote in the thyroid hormones T 3 and T 4 ? Their step in the synthesis cascade. Their order of discovery. They molecular weight. Their number of targets. Correct! Their number of iodine atoms. Question 2 1 / 1 pts A patient suffering from a thyroid disorder that feels constantly exhausted is most likely suffering from which condition? Graves’ disease Iodine overdose Correct!

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis Subacute thyroiditis Toxic nodular goiter Question 3 1 / 1 pts Which form of hyperthyroidism is an autoimmune disease? Correct! Graves’ disease Toxic nodular goiter Subacute thyroiditis Question 4 1 / 1 pts Which form of hyperthyroidism is treated almost exclusively through symptom management? Graves’ disease Toxic nodular goiter Correct! Subacute thyroiditis Question 5 1 / 1 pts Methimizole directly blocks which process?

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Release of T 4 Binding of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin Conversion of T 4 to T 3 Correct! Oxidation of iodide Release of T 3 Question 6 1 / 1 pts How long after starting PTU therapy for Graves’ disease is an initial blood test for T 3 and T 4 likely to be ordered? 3 hours 3 days Correct! 3 weeks 3 months 3 years Question 7 1 / 1 pts What potentially severe side effect of methimazole occurs is as many as 1:200 patients? Fever Correct! Decreased neutrophil count

Aplastic anemia Hepatotoxicity Vasculitis Question 8 1 / 1 pts Potassium iodide is unique in its ability to block __________. Correct! release of T 4. binding of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin. conversion of T 4 to T 3. oxidation of iodide. goiter growth. Question 9 1 / 1 pts Propranolol directly blocks which process? Release of T 4 Binding of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin Correct! Conversion of T 4 to T 3 Oxidation of iodide Release of T 3

Question 10 1 / 1 pts Through which mechanisms does PTH increase serum calcium levels? Select all that apply. Correct! Increasing bone resorption Correct! Increasing calcium absorption Correct! Decreasing calcium loss in urine Question 11 1 / 1 pts A newly-diagnosed hypoparathyroid patient will most likely start what treatment? Correct! Calcium supplements PTH supplements Phosphate supplements Teriparatide Surgical removal of the parathyroid Question 12 1 / 1 pts A newly-diagnosed hyperparathyroid patient will most likely start what treatment? Calcium supplements

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PTH supplements Phosphate supplements Teriparatide Correct! Surgical removal of the parathyroid Problem Set 4: Diabetes Question 1 1 / 1 pts In a non-diabetic, what is the primary source of energy in the brain during periods of fasting? Correct! Glucose Fatty acids Question 2 1 / 1 pts Pancreatic β cells secrete ______. glucose glucagon Correct! insulin

Question 3 1 / 1 pts If a previously non-diabetic, adult patient becomes diabetic, which type of diabetes are they more likely to be diagnosed with? Type 1 Correct! Type 2 Question 4 1 / 1 pts Type 2 diabetics generally suffer from which of the following defects? Select all that apply. Correct! Insufficient proinsulin cleavage Correct! Insufficient proinsulin synthesis Correct! Delayed insulin secretion Correct! Insulin Resistance Question 5 1 / 1 pts Blood work is done on two patients that are identical in every way except that one suffers from diabetes mellitus. The test shows that both have 60 mg/dL glucose in their plasma. Both are then given an identical meal. Subsequent bloodwork 30 minutes later shows that patient A has 190 mg/dL glucose and patient B now has 130 mg/dL glucose. Which patient is diabetic? Correct! Patient A

Patient B Question 6 1 / 1 pts A patient of yours with suspected diabetes undergoes routine bloodwork in your office that shows a plasma glucose level of 210 mg/dL. What is your course of action? Conclude the patient is not diabetic and seek other causes for their symptoms. Refer them for a glucose tolerance test before proceeding further. Correct! Diagnose them with diabetes and proceed with treatment. Question 7 1 / 1 pts Hypocalcemia would be expected to _______ insulin secretion. increase Correct! decrease Question 8 1 / 1 pts Which insulin preparation provides the most consistent insulin levels in the blood? Ultralente NPH Aspart

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Lispro Correct! Glargine Question 9 1 / 1 pts Sulfonylureas would be expected to have the greatest efficacy in patients whose diabetes is primarily cause by which of the following? Insufficient proinsulin cleavage Insufficient proinsulin synthesis Correct! Delayed insulin secretion Insulin Resistance Question 10 1 / 1 pts Which drug is likely to be part of a treatment plan for patients whose diabetes is primarily due to insulin resistance? Glyburide Correct! Avandia Acarbose Question 11 1 / 1 pts

Which drug has no direct endocrine effects? Glyburide Avandia Correct! Acarbose Metformin Liraglutide Question 12 1 / 1 pts In addition to glucose, Farxiga would be expected to increase levels of which analyte in the urine? Correct! Na + Insulin Albumin H + K +

Problem Set 5: Urogenital Systems Question 1 1 / 1 pts Male puberty is initiated by the maturation of which structure? Testes Correct! Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary Posterior pituitary Question 2 1 / 1 pts Facial hair, a secondary male sex characteristic, begins appearing during puberty due most directly to the production of which hormone? Testosterone FSH Correct! Dihydrotestosterone Question 3 1 / 1 pts Which biochemical forms the basis for testosterone? Correct! Cholesterol

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Phospolipids Triglycerides Nucleic acids ATP Question 4 1 / 1 pts A defect in which enzyme would be expected to result in decreased dihydrotestosterone levels while potentially increasing that of testosterone? Aromatase 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 17α-hydroxylase Lyase Correct! 5α-reductase Question 5 1 / 1 pts Which preparation is generally given orally? Testosterone Testoserone enanthate Correct!

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Alkylated testosterone Question 6 1 / 1 pts Which delivery method would be expected to provide the most stable plasma concentrations of testosterone? Correct! Gel Intramuscular injection Patch Question 7 1 / 1 pts The synthesis of which of the following would be inhibited (directly or indirectly) in a male taking large doses of systemic ketoconazole? Select all that apply. Correct! Testosterone Correct! Dihydrotestosterone Correct! Estradiol Correct! Bone Question 8 1 / 1 pts Viagara produces its effects through the indirect activation of which enzyme?

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cGMP NO PDE5 eNOS Correct! PKG Question 9 1 / 1 pts Which hormone results in endometrial growth? Correct! Estrogen Progesterone Question 10 1 / 1 pts Which hormone stimulates GnRH release, causing menarche? Estrogen Progesterone FSH LH Correct!

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Leptin Question 11 1 / 1 pts The luteal phase of the ovarian cycle usually coincides with which stage of the endometrial cycle? Proliferative phase Correct! Secretory phase Menstruation Question 12 1 / 1 pts Which of these drugs interacts directly with the estrogen receptor? Letrozole Menotopins hCG Follitropin Correct! Clomiphene Question 13 1 / 1 pts All methods of pharmacological induction of ovulation involve a final dose of which drug?

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Ganirelix FSH GnRH Estrogen Correct! hCG Question 14 1 / 1 pts Which drug is primarily responsible for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in females undergoing fertility treatment? Ganirelix FSH GnRH Estrogen Correct! hCG Question 15 1 / 1 pts A menopausal woman undergoing hormone replacement therapy is prescribed estrogen monotherapy. It is likely that this woman has a history of which medical condition? High blood pressure

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Osteoporosis Heart disease Correct! Uterine cancer High cholesterol

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gms 6531 review exam 1

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