PhysioEx Exercise 4 Activity 1

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11/3/22, 4:38 PM PhysioEx Exercise 4 Activity 1 https://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_0media_ap/physioex/10/ex4/act1/ 1/13 PhysioEx Lab Report Exercise 4: Endocrine System Physiology Activity 1: Metabolism and Thyroid Hormone Name: Selvana Labib Date: 3 November 2022 Session ID: session-76dc5a05-51d9-4a5e-b99a-d015cd295d5a Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 6 out of 6 questions correctly. Experiment Results Predict Questions Which of the following statements about metabolism is false ? You correctly answered: All of the energy from metabolism is ultimately stored in the chemical bonds of ATP. 1 Thyroxine is You correctly answered: the most important hormone for maintaining the metabolic rate and body temperature. 2 Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is You correctly answered: produced in the pituitary gland. 3 An injection of TSH to an otherwise normal animal will cause which of the following? You correctly answered: goiter development. 4 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is You correctly answered: secreted by the hypothalamus. 5 Which of the following statements is true? You correctly answered: The hypothalamus primarily secretes tropic hormones that stimulate the secretion of other hormones. 6 Predict Question 1: Make a prediction about the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of the remaining rats compared with the BMR of the normal rat you just measured. 1
11/3/22, 4:38 PM PhysioEx Exercise 4 Activity 1 https://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_0media_ap/physioex/10/ex4/act1/ 2/13 Stop & Think Questions Your answer: The BMR of both remaining rats will be lower than the normal rat's BMR. Predict Question 2: What do you think will happen after you inject thyroxine into the three rats? Your answer: The hypophysectomized rat will become hyperthyroidic and develop a goiter. 2 Predict Question 3: What do you think will happen after you inject TSH into the three rats? Your answer: The thyroidectomized rat will become hyperthyroidic and develop a goiter. 3 Predict Question 4: Propylthiouracil (PTU) is a drug that inhibits the production of thyroxine by blocking the attachment of iodine to tyrosine residues in the follicle cells of the thyroid gland (iodinated tyrosines are linked together to form thyroxine). What do you think will happen after you inject PTU into the three rats? Your answer: The normal rat will become hypothyroidic and develop a goiter. 4 Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O /hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour. You answered: 426 ml O /hr. 1 2 2 2 Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O /hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O /kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate. You answered: 1704 ml O /kg/hr. 2 2 2 2 Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O /hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour. You answered: 378 ml O /hr. 3 2 2 2
11/3/22, 4:38 PM PhysioEx Exercise 4 Activity 1 https://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_0media_ap/physioex/10/ex4/act1/ 3/13 Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O /hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O /kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate. You answered: 1542.85 ml O /kg/hr. 4 2 2 2 Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O /hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour. You answered: 372 ml O /hr. 5 2 2 2 Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O /hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O /kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate. You answered: 1524.59 ml O /kg/hr. 6 2 2 2 Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthyroid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800). The normal rat is You correctly answered: euthyroid. 7 Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthyroid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800). The thyroidectomized (Tx) rat is You correctly answered: hypothyroid. 8
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11/3/22, 4:38 PM PhysioEx Exercise 4 Activity 1 https://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_0media_ap/physioex/10/ex4/act1/ 4/13 Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthyroid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800). The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat is You correctly answered: hypothyroid. 9 Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O /hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour. You answered: 504 ml O /hr. 10 2 2 2 Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O /hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O /kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate. You answered: 2016 ml O /kg/hr. 11 2 2 2 Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O /hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour. You answered: 468 ml O /hr. 12 2 2 2 Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O /hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O /kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate. You answered: 1910.20408 ml O /kg/hr. 13 2 2 2
11/3/22, 4:38 PM PhysioEx Exercise 4 Activity 1 https://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_0media_ap/physioex/10/ex4/act1/ 5/13 Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O /hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour. You answered: 474 ml O /hr. 14 2 2 2 Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O /hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O /kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate. You answered: 1934.69387 ml O /kg/hr. 15 2 2 2 Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthyroid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the thyroxine injection. The normal rat is You correctly answered: hyperthyroid. 16 Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthyroid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the thyroxine injection. The thyroidectomized (Tx) rat is You correctly answered: hyperthyroid. 17 Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthyroid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the thyroxine injection. The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat is 18
11/3/22, 4:38 PM PhysioEx Exercise 4 Activity 1 https://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_0media_ap/physioex/10/ex4/act1/ 6/13 You did not answer this question. Correct answer: hyperthyroid. Which of the rats developed a goiter after injection with thyroxine? You correctly answered: None of the rats developed a goiter with this injection. 19 Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O /hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour. You answered: 486 ml O /hr. 20 2 2 2 Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O /hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O /kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate. You answered: 1944 ml O /kg/hr. 21 2 2 2 Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O /hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour. You answered: 384 ml O /hr. 22 2 2 2 Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O /hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O /kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate. You answered: 1567.34693 ml O /kg/hr. 23 2 2 2
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11/3/22, 4:38 PM PhysioEx Exercise 4 Activity 1 https://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_0media_ap/physioex/10/ex4/act1/ 7/13 Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O /hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour. You answered: 474 ml O /hr. 24 2 2 2 Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O /hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O /kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate. You answered: 1934.69387 ml O /kg/hr. 25 2 2 2 Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthyroid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the TSH injection. The normal rat is You correctly answered: hyperthyroid. 26 Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthyroid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the TSH injection. The thyroidectomized (Tx) rat is You correctly answered: hypothyroid. 27 Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthyroid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the TSH injection. The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat is 28
11/3/22, 4:38 PM PhysioEx Exercise 4 Activity 1 https://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_0media_ap/physioex/10/ex4/act1/ 8/13 You correctly answered: hyperthyroid. Which of the rats did not develop a goiter after injection with TSH? You correctly answered: the thyroidectomized rat. 29 Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O /hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour. You answered: 384 ml O /hr. 30 2 2 2 Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O /hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O /kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate. You answered: 1567.34693 ml O /kg/hr. 31 2 2 2 Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O /hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour. You answered: 384 ml O /hr. 32 2 2 2 Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O /hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O /kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate. You did not answer this question. 33 2 2
11/3/22, 4:38 PM PhysioEx Exercise 4 Activity 1 https://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_0media_ap/physioex/10/ex4/act1/ 9/13 Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O /hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour. You answered: 384 ml O /hr. 34 2 2 2 Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O /hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O /kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate. You answered: 1567.35 ml O /kg/hr. 35 2 2 2 Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthyroid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the PTU injection. The normal rat is You correctly answered: hypothyroid. 36 Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthyroid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the PTU injection. The thyroidectomized (Tx) rat is You correctly answered: hypothyroid. 37 Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthyroid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the PTU injection. The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat is 38
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11/3/22, 4:38 PM PhysioEx Exercise 4 Activity 1 https://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_0media_ap/physioex/10/ex4/act1/ 10/13 Experiment Data Post-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 7 out of 7 questions correctly. Review Sheet Results You did not answer this question. Correct answer: hypothyroid. Which of the rats developed a goiter after injection with PTU? You correctly answered: the normal rat. 39 How would you treat a thyroidectomized animal so that it functions like a "normal" animal? You correctly answered: Provide the animal T supplements. 1 4 As a result of the missing hormone(s) in the hypophysectomized rat, what would be an expected symptom? You correctly answered: decreased basal metabolic rate. 2 An injection of thyroxine to an otherwise normal rat will cause which of the following? You correctly answered: hyperthyroidism. 3 Why didn't any of the rats develop a goiter after thyroxine injection? You correctly answered: In all cases, TSH levels were not elevated by the thyroxine injection. 4 Why did the normal rat develop a palpable goiter with the TSH injection? You correctly answered: The TSH receptors on the thyroid gland were excessively stimulated. 5 An injection of propylthiouracil to an otherwise normal animal will cause which of the following? You correctly answered: goiter development. 6 Why did the normal rat develop a palpable goiter with the propylthiouracil injection? You correctly answered: The injection decreased the negative feedback mechanism on TSH. 7 Part 1: Determining the Basal Metabolic Rates Which rat had the fastest basal metabolic rate (BMR)? 1
11/3/22, 4:38 PM PhysioEx Exercise 4 Activity 1 https://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_0media_ap/physioex/10/ex4/act1/ 11/13 Your answer: The normal rat had the fastest basal metabolic rate. Why did the metabolic rates differ between the normal rat and the surgically altered rats? How well did the results compare with your prediction? Your answer: The normal rat had the highest BMR since it has the glands required to simulate and regulate the release of thyroid hormones. 2 If an animal has been thyroidectomized, what hormone(s) would be missing in its blood? Your answer: For the rates that have been thyroidectomized, the hormones missing are triiodothryonine and thyroxine. 3 If an animal has been hypophysectomized, what effect would you expect to observe in the hormone levels in its body? Your answer: The rat that was hypophysectomized its TSH will be missing due to the missing pituitary gland. 4 Part 2: Determining the Effect of Thyroxine on Metabolic Rate What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the normal rat's BMR? Your answer: The levels were a little off. The normal rat was hyperthyroidic because the thyroxine increases the metabolic rate but it did not develop goiter. 5 What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the thyroidectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare with the normal rat's BMR? Was the dose of thyroxine in the syringe too large, too small, or just right? Your answer: The bmr increased for the thyroidectomized rat with thyroxine injection. However, the bmr was still a little bit below the normal rat's bmr with thyroxine. Therefore, the dose was too low. 6
11/3/22, 4:38 PM PhysioEx Exercise 4 Activity 1 https://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_0media_ap/physioex/10/ex4/act1/ 12/13 What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the hypophysectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare with the normal rat's BMR? Was the dose of thyroxine in the syringe too large, too small, or just right? Your answer: The bmr increased for the hypophysectomized rat with thyroine injections. However, the the bmr was still a little bit below the normal rat's bmr with thyroxine . Therefore, the dose was too low. 7 Part 3: Determining the Effect of TSH on Metabolic Rate What was the effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) injections on the normal rat's BMR? Your answer: The effect of TSH was to increase the normal rat's BMR. 8 What was the effect of TSH injections on the thyroidectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare with the normal rat's BMR? Why was this effect observed? Your answer: There was no effect on the thyroidectomized rat's BMR with the injection of TSH because there was no thyroid gland to stimulate. 9 What was the effect of TSH injections on the hypophysectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare with the normal rat's BMR? Was the dose of TSH in the syringe too large, too small, or just right? Your answer: The hypophysectomized rat BMR increased with TSH. the BMR was just below the normal rat but still lower the syringe amount was a little too low. 10 Part 4: Determining the Effect of Propylthiouracil on Metabolic Rate What was the effect of propylthiouracil (PTU) injections on the normal rat's BMR? Why did this rat develop a palpable goiter? Your answer: The effects of ptu injections on the normal rat was to decrease the bmr. The palpable goiter was due to the buildup of the precursors to thyroxine. 11
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11/3/22, 4:38 PM PhysioEx Exercise 4 Activity 1 https://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_0media_ap/physioex/10/ex4/act1/ 13/13 What was the effect of PTU injections on the thyroidectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare with the normal rat's BMR? Why was this effect observed? Your answer: The effect of PTU injections on the thyroidectomized rat was not visible because there was no thyroid gland to be affected. 12 What was the effect of PTU injections on the hypophysectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare with the normal rat's BMR? Why was this effect observed? Your answer: The effect of PTU injections on the hypophysectiomized rat was not visible because rat is missing the pituitary gland. 13