Jalr1

DIABLO VALLEY COLLEGE Name: ___________________________ BIOSC-140 Spring 2024 INSTRUCTOR: Bryan Clarkson PhD ( bclarkson@dvc.edu ) BIOSC-140: Human Physiology, Spring 2024 Journal Article/Lab Report (JALR) 1 Page 1 of 10 Journal Article/Lab Report (JALR) 1 Due : February 1, 2024 (11:59P) Journal Article/Lab Report (JALR) Project Overview : The ability to understand and communicate scientific writing is critical for all health professionals. Since this can be challenging and may be new to some of you, this project consists of a series of exercises (found in Journal Article/Lab Report (JALR) assignments) designed to improve your ability to read, analyze, and communicate scientific findings. The JALR assignments require you to read, analyze data, and draw conclusions from scientific research. You will apply the skills built in these assignments to the formal summarizing of data from a class lab exercise in a Lab Report written like a scientific research article. The JALR assignments are designed to aid in your writing of the final report, so by taking them seriously you build a solid foundation for the Lab Report. Assignment Overview : In this particular JALR assignment you will review the basic elements of scientific (research) articles, choose the laboratory for your project, diagram th at lab’s procedures, read the Introduction of a selected journal article and then translate it into something more understandable, pull-out key terms, and use those terms to make a concept map. Assignment Completion/Submission : Step 1: Complete ALL exercises in this document . You can print out a copy and answer by hand, type your answers (either directly into the document or on a blank one), or do some combination of the two. Step 2: Upload your work . Could be a picture of a handwritten document or a file containing your work to the JALR 1 Assignment in Canvas (PDF files preferred). Rachel

BIOSC-140: Human Physiology, Spring 2024 Journal Article/Lab Report (JALR) 1 Page 2 of 10 Part 1: Exploring Scientific Article Format, Choosing a Lab Background: This assignment will provide a general overview of the format of a scientific article and will help begin your preparation for the final journal article assignment (the Lab Report). The elements found in most scientific papers are described below. At this level, many students are not familiar with the scientific journal format so it is introduced here. Note there are five sections in total and each section consists of very specific elements. This is the format you will use to help write your Laboratory Report (with modifications), so begin to familiarize yourself with the sections and their general elements by reading the information below. For your Lab Report (which you are NOT writing now – it will be turned in once all JALRs are completed), imagine that will be submitting it to a professional journal for publication (try to submit a paper that you would be proud for your peers to read). The paper will be competitively graded with the primarily emphasis on content, but it is important that you communicate your ideas clearly and concisely (choose your words carefully and be as direct as possible). Laboratory reports have a specific format that you must follow (see outline below; as always, neatness and clarity counts). Read the information and answer the questions below to get a better perspective on what you will need in your report. I. I NTRODUCTION a) Explains why this topic is worthy of study (significance/application/purpose), typically using specific data/statistics. b) Provides context/frames the study. Concisely describes/introduces the general (physiological) principle(s) explored/studied. Includes a concise review/discussion of pertinent literature. Starts general (but relevant) and ends specific. This section provides the reader with the necessary (but not extraneous) background information so they can understand the context and motivation for the experiments/studies performed. c) Briefly describes the methods/approach and addresses the scope of the experiments to put them in context. d) Clearly states a hypothesis that is based on previous evidence (linked to background information provided). e) In some cases it also, briefly summarizes the key result(s) and what they mean (key conclusion). In summary: This section introduces and provides context for the study. It typically starts with background information/statistics indicating why this topic is worthy of study (e.g. prevalence/diseases/etc.) A concise and focused description of the principle(s) explored introduces the reader to the subject matter and further indicates the significance. This discussion generally starts broad and then narrows in on the specific question addressed. A brief summary of previous and pertinent research helps put the study in context, indicates the purpose of the experiments (the question they are trying to answer), and the reasoning behind the authors’ hypotheses. Finally a concise statement of the hypothesis, a brief summary of experimental approach to assess the hypothesis, and key findings typically rounds out this section. II. M ETHODS a) Provides detailed descriptions of experimental design and protocol(s) used to assess the hypothesis. b) States what the authors did to collect/analyze their data in sufficient detail for replication of the experiments. In summary : This section provides detailed descriptions of experimental design and protocol(s) used to assess the hypothesis. It states what the authors did to collect/analyze their data in sufficient detail for someone to replicate their experiments. III. R ESULTS a) Text section (strictly text, usually precedes graphical section (see below)) 1. Describes data in the graphical section (see below) as well as data not presented in other media 2. Describes general trends and important relationships qualitatively with graphical language. Tries to “make date come alive for reader” instead of simply listing/restating numbers that appear in graphs/tables. Points out key relationships that will be addressed in the Discussion (see below) 3. Provides analysis of the data (including statistics) and presents key findings. Uses terms such as percent changes, ranges, averages, and other statistical analyses to assess the significance of the data. b) Graphical section (tables and figures) 1. Displays data in a format that is clear to the reader. “Paints a picture” of the evidence. 2. Figures (pictures/graphs/charts/maps) and Tables (rows and columns of numbers) present key results and stand on their own with informative titles, keys, axis labels, and legends (explanations of data and how it was obtained) that are sufficient for the reader to not have to reference the text. In summary : There are two components to the Results section – a written (text) section and a graphical section. Both are used to objectively describe the results of the experiments performed. The text section provides a written summary of the key results to be addressed in the Discussion. Fundamentally, the text describes/explains the data in the graphical section as well as data not presented in other media (tables/figures). For each experiment performed, instead of simply listing the data, the text section summarizes the key relationships and trends that are shown in the graphs/figures qualitatively with graphical language. It typically describes the output of some data analysis (percent

BIOSC-140: Human Physiology, Spring 2024 Journal Article/Lab Report (JALR) 1 Page 4 of 10 Step 1: Answer Questions About Scientific Article Format/Contents : 1. What sections (in proper order) are found in a typical scientific article? 2. What four (4) sections will you include in your final Lab Report? (list them in order or appearance) 3. Which section provides context for/frames the study (why it is worthy of study), indicates the physiological principles investigated (relevant background), and states the experimental question and/or hypothesis? 4. Which section describes the experimental design? 5. Should the raw data be presented on original data sheets or should it be transformed for easier interpretation? 6. What is the primary section that presents the data from the experiment (e.g. “what” was observed) ? 7. List (in proper order) the two parts of the Results section and briefly describe the purpose of each. 8. Should the data be addressed elsewhere in the laboratory report? If so, where? 9. What is the purpose of the Discussion section? 10. What is the minimum number of references that should be in the References section? What is the maximum number of references that could be in that section? 11. Based on the possible laboratory sections available for write-ups, what two (2) references should be included in your final Lab Report? Intro Methods Results Discussion References Intro Results Discussion References Introduction Methods easier interpretation Results Text Describes data trends important relations Graph tables Figures Discussion Summarizes key findings background research key results list all used min cite documents containing methods The supplement Lab Manual Fox

BIOSC-140: Human Physiology, Spring 2024 Journal Article/Lab Report (JALR) 1 Page 5 of 10 Step 2: Select a Laboratory Select ONE of the following laboratory sections for your laboratory write-up and justify your choice. Choose carefully as this is the laboratory you will be using for all portions of the laboratory report. Consider the nature of the physiology explored (does the topic interest you, will you enjoy researching/writing about it?) and the type of data collected (look at the sample data in the Supplement; do you feel comfortable graphically representing and analyzing data of this type?). Lab Topic (Physiology)* (see Lab Manual (Fox) section identified below* for details on physiology explored) Sample Data (see Lab Supplement pages below for sample data to be used in JALR assignments) Fox 1.3A: Negative Feedback Control of Water-Bath Temperature Supplement p23 : WATER BATH DATA (Water bath temperatures AND recovery time) Fox 1.3B: Resting Pulse Rate: Negative Feedback Control and Normal Range Supplement p23-24 : HEART RATE DATA (Personal AND Group heart rate data) Fox 8.4A: Ability of Buffers to Stabilize the pH of Solutions Supplement p24 : ACID-BASE BUFFER EXP (Water AND Buffer data) Fox 8.4B: Effect of Exercise on the Rate of CO 2 Production Supplement p24 : EXERCISE & CO2 (time to color change) Fox 8.4C: Role of Carbon Dioxide in the Regulation of Ventilation Supplement p24 : HYPERVENTILATION & CO2 (respiratory rates) Fox 2.1A: Carbohydrates: Measurement of Plasma Glucose Concentration Supplement p27 : Glucose Concentrations (Absorbance (used to determine Concentration)) Fox 2.1B: Lipids: Measurement of Plasma Cholesterol Concentration Supplement p27 : Cholesterol Concentrations (Absorbance (used to determine Concentration)) Fox 2.1C: Proteins: Measurement of Plasma Protein Concentration Supplement p27 : Protein Concentrations (Absorbance (used to determine Concentration)) *PDF versions of these sections are available on Canvas if you have not been able to obtain the Lab Manual yet 1. Which lab do you plan to write up for your final report? (Choose ONE from the list above – be thoughtful!) 2. Why? Please address the nature of the physiology & data in your justification. 1 3 B Neg Feedback Control Normal range I choose this because I thought it would be interesting to learn more w in the Heart Because our Heart is a crucial part in our body with maintaing Homeostasis by playing Roles in our ANS Hormones Cardiovascular system

BIOSC-140: Human Physiology, Spring 2024 Journal Article/Lab Report (JALR) 1 Page 7 of 10 Step 3: Diagram of experimental procedures for chosen lab: 1.3A or 1.3B or 8.4A or 8.4B or 8.4C or 2.1A or 2.1B or 2.1C (See The Supplement or Lab Manual (Fox) pages referenced in the table above) É BPI A BPM it

BIOSC-140: Human Physiology, Spring 2024 Journal Article/Lab Report (JALR) 1 Page 8 of 10 Part 3: Translating an Introduction Section Background: One of the learning objectives for this semester is to help you understand how to read and analyze a scientific writing. To this end, we will be collectively working with an article and breaking it down piece-by-piece, working with various techniques to facilitate your comprehension. The article is titled “ Physiological Response of Adipocytes to Weight Loss and Maintenance .” The unabridged article in its entirety can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0058011 In this specific exercise you will perform a “translation” of with article’s Introduction (below). The term “translate” means to communicate the meaning of a passage. Basically your goal is to briefly summarize, or “ translate ” (think paraphrase, not verbatim), the Introduction of the article from “science speak” into language that is easy to understand (give the section meaning so that it becomes understandable to others) – see specific instructions below. You are welcome to use any resources necessary (internet sources, books, etc) for the task. Due to the complexity of some scientific writing styles, this may not be an easy thing for most students to do, so make sure you take some time to read and process the Introduction. INTRODUCTION Adipose tissue is a major energy-storing tissue and to fulfill this role adipocytes need to respond rapidly to alterations in nutrient deprivation and excess by metabolic regulation. Many studies found evidence for involvement of metabolic processes in the development of obesity, like a reduced fat oxidation in obese humans [1] – [3] . But also inside the adipocyte these metabolic processes are linked to obesity. Walewski et al. showed that an increased uptake and reduced metabolism of long chain fatty acids contribute to the accumulation of these long chain fatty acids in obese adipocytes [4] . Furthermore, an impaired hormone-sensitive lipase protein expression in adipose tissue of obese subjects suggests a decreased lipolysis in obesity [5] . Studies on weight loss indicate that caloric restriction results in changes in the expression of genes involved in lipid, carbohydrate and energy metabolism in adipose tissue [6] and proteins regulating adipose tissue growth [7] . Also the endocannabinoid system is dysregulated in adipose tissue in the obese state, but is normalized after weight loss [8] . However, successfully maintaining weight loss, defined as “keeping off an intentional loss of at least 10% body weight for at least one year” [9] , is difficult and is only achieved in around 20% of the cases [10] . The biological response to weight loss is causing the susceptibility to weight regain as reviewed by MacLean et al. [11] . This response is a network of adaptations with an energy gap promoting regain and physiological changes resulting in resistance for further weight loss as was summarized by Mariman [12] . Few studies assessed the effect of weight loss maintenance on gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue [13] – [15] . Genes involved in processes like fatty acid metabolism, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and apoptosis were differentially expressed during weight loss and maintenance thereafter [13] – [15] . Mutch et al. showed that the regulation of these genes by weight loss was different between weight maintainers and weight regainers, which was suggested to predict successful short-term weight maintenance [15] . Our objective was to determine changes in markers for adipocyte glucose and fatty acid metabolism during weight loss and maintenance by measuring protein levels before and after an 8-week very low energy diet and after a 10-month follow-up in order to find out whether these changes are associated with adipocyte size and are in line with weight regain or maintenance. Assignment: Use Internet sources, your textbook, and any other reference you may find useful to translate the Introduction paragraphs from “science speak” into language you find easy to understand ( paraphrase and summarize they key points – not a verbatim translation). Record your summary below (1-2 sentences/paragraph). As you are doing this, pay attention to the structure/purpose of the Introduction (see descriptions in JALR 2), since you will be trying to emulate (reproduce) this in your final Lab Report. Also, highlight or underline key terms to be used in the next assignment. Step 4: Translation (Summary) of Introduction the research is investigating changes in adipose tissue during weight loss and how people maintain it. If there is any correlation with adipocyte size and the impact of possibly weight regain. The study focuses on measuring protein levels linked to adipocyte glucose and fatty acids before and after a 8 week low energy diet, with a 10 month follow ups. They want to provide valuable invites for future obesity management strategies.

BIOSC-140: Human Physiology, Spring 2024 Journal Article/Lab Report (JALR) 1 Page 10 of 10 Assignment: Create a concept map that represents the key ideas of the Introduction section translated in the previous exercise (from “Physiological Response of Adipocytes to Weight Loss and Maintenance” ). Step 5 : Create a list of “seed terms” from the key terms you highlighted during your translation in the space below (a few have been already put in to help get you started (but you don’t have to use those)) . Step 6 : Create a concept map of the Introduction using at least eight of the seed terms . Feel free to organize them however you would like, but you must connect every term to at least one other with an arrow (there should not be any “floating” terms; typically a single arrow makes sense, but in a few cases a double arrow may be appropriate) and describe the relationship between the two terms on/above the arrow (similar to example). JALR 1 Submission Checklist: Make sure your completed submission includes all of the following steps: 1. Answers to questions regarding laboratory report content and format 2. Select laboratory to proceed with based on physiology/sample data and provide justification 3. Diagram of procedures of a SINGLE (selected) experiment from Fox 1.3A, 1.3B, 8.4A, 8.4B or 8.4C 4. Translation of sample journal article Introduction 5. Seed terms from sample journal article Introduction 6. Concept map of sample journal article Introduction Step 5: List of seed terms (you need at least eight (8)): adipocytes nutrient deprivation protein expression dysregulated weight maintenance Step 6: Concept Map Containing At Least Eight (8) Seed Terms Above obesity energy metabolism Genes protein leves if p i on eherai.ME iiii im hygiene I cavants protamine Dysregulated profits plays fantine fit Éi nt ega.pt In Maintence i