BIO311D WK4 Discussion A Assignment

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Feb 20, 2024

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BIO311D: Week 4 Discussion A  Submit assignment via Canvas by 10pm Wed. 8pts available towards your final grade.  You may complete the assignment by yourself if you choose not to attend discussion times. **Attendance not required –but advised**  For the first 10-15 minutes of discussion, your TA will do a recap of some of the key points covered this week.  After, split into your breakout rooms. Work through the assignment below. After a time, your TA will bring you back to talk over your answers before you submit. Use this figure to answer questions 1-4 Q1. The agents that help emulsify fats are produced in location ________. [1pt] A) 1 B) 3 C) 8 D) 9 Q2. The highest rate of nutrient absorption occurs at location ________. [1pt]

A) 1 B) 4 C) 5 D) 8 Q3. Most of the digestion of fats occurs in structure(s) ________. [1pt] A) 3 only B) 4 only C) 1 and 4 D) 3 and 4 Q4. Examine the digestive system structures in the figure. Bacteria that produce vitamins are found in the greatest concentration in location ________. [1pt] A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 8 Q5. An advantage of a complete digestive system over a gastrovascular cavity is that the complete system [0.5pts] A) excludes the need for extracellular digestion. B) allows for specialized regions with specialized functions. C) allows digestive enzymes to be more specific. D) allows for extensive branching. E) facilitates intracellular digestion. Q6. What is the correct order of structures that a piece of food would encounter as it travels through the alimentary canal of a bald eagle? [0.5pts]

A) mouth, esophagus, crop, stomach, gizzard, intestine, anus B) mouth, esophagus, crop, stomach, intestine, gizzard, anus C) mouth, esophagus, stomach, crop, gizzard, intestine, anus D) mouth, esophagus, crop, gizzard, stomach, intestine, anus Q7. Some mammals are adapted to high elevations. For instance, the llama, a member of the camel family native to the high Andes lives where pO 2 in lung alveoli could be < 80 mmHg. Llamas have a slightly different hemoglobin with a different binding curve from that of humans and other low-elevation mammals. Predict the shift of the binding curve of llama hemoglobin relative to the adult human Hb curve and explain why that is an adaptive advantage: [1.5pts] A) it is shifted to left of adult Hb curve, so during exercise Hb holds O 2 and gives up much less to cells B) it is shifted to right of adult Hb curve, so during exercise Hb holds O 2 and gives much less to cells C) it is shifted to the left of adult Hb curve, so that Hb could bind more O 2 from inhaled air in lungs

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B) it is shifted to the right of adult Hb curve, so that Hb could bind more O 2 from inhaled air in lungs Q8. Salmon hatch out in freshwater streams and travel downstream to live in the ocean for many years. At reaching sexual maturity they migrate to coastal bays and the mouth of the freshwater river where they were born. For about ten days there they “remodel” their gill transport epithelia cells, and then they famously swim upstream to their birthplace and reproduce. During the “remodeling” when they are switching from life in salt water and preparing for life in fresh water, they likely do which one or more of these? [1pt] A) produce gill transport epithelia with pumps that can actively transport Na+ out of their blood and into the water B) produce gill transport epithelia with pumps that can actively transport Na+ ions from the water into their blood.

C) produce gill transport epithelia with pumps for intake of more O2. D) shrink their gill transport epithelia to devote energy for reproduction. Explain your choice . [0.5pts] [Note: sea water >3% solutes, freshwater 0.3% solutes, blood 1% solutes] They use a type of active transportation to excrete salt from the gills and maintain the saltwater balance in the environment . The gills of the salmons must absorb salt from the water and the kidneys to produce dilute urine. In freshwater, it is often filled with ions, including NaCl and which is more dilute than the body fluid of the salmon, therefore, the freshwater will diffuse into the body of the salmon. In freshwater, the kidneys of the salmon will produce large volumes of dilute urine to keep up with all the water that is diffusing in their body. Hence, Salmon use gills to produce transport epithelia pump that transports Na+ ions from the water into their blood.

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