Bio 311D Week 3 discussion A (1)

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BIO311D: Week 3 Discussion A  Submit assignment via Canvas by 10pm Wed. 8pts available towards your final grade.  You may complete the assignment by yourself if you choose not to attend discussion times. **Attendance not required –but advised**  For the first 10-15 minutes of discussion, your TA will do a recap of some of the key points covered.  After, split into your breakout groups. Work through the assignment below. After a time, your TA will bring you back to talk over your answers before you submit. Q1. Most arthropods, like the centipede below, have legs growing from their abdominal segments (controlled by Ubx hox gene). Give a possible explanation that could explain why Insects do not have legs on their abdomen. [1pt] One possible explanation that could explain why insects do not have legs on their abdomen could be that the mutation in the Ubx hox gene prevents the formation of legs on the abdomen, and therefore is repressed.

Answer Q2-4 based on the phylogenetic tree below. Q2. Which morphological trait evolved more than once in animals, according to the phylogeny based on DNA sequence data found in the figure? [0.5pts] A) coelom B) bilateral symmetry C) segmentation D) protostome development Q3. Which of the following statements is supported by the phylogeny in the figure? [0.5pts] A) Deuterostoma are more evolutionarily advanced than Porifera. B) Traits, once they evolve, are retained in later-evolving taxonomic groups. C) Animals show no evidence of convergent evolution in their traits. D) Animals with extremely different adult forms can be relatively closely related. Q4. Which of the following pairs of animals show that animals with

widely different adult features can be each other's closest relatives? [0.5pts] A) Annelida and Nematoda B) Chordata and Echinodermata C) Cnidemia and Ctenophora D) Annelida and Rotifera Answer Q5-7 using this figure Q5. According to this phylogeny of Amniotes what is the sister taxon to Snakes? [0.5pts] Lizards Q6. Paleontologists have evidence that many terrestrial dinosaurs (in the group here labeled Saurischia) had short fuzzy feathers, some of them very colorful. Excluding flight, name a function these could have served [1pt] The colorfulness of the feathers can potentially help and attract mates for the terrestrial dinosaurs. Thus, this can be used as a potential mating mechanism. In addition, the short fuzzy feathers can be used as a source of

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warmth for these dinosaurs to protect them. Q7. Fuzzy dinosaur feathers are considered “pre-adaptations” for flight. Name one changes in dinosaur structure that you imagine might have been required before flying dinosaurs could fly the way birds do. [1pt] One change in dinosaur structure may be from the shorter fuzzy feathers to longer feathers so it supports the weight of the wings in order to fly. Q8. Identify each statement as TRUE or FALSE. [0.5pts each correct] A) The form of any plant is controlled by genetic and environmental factors. True B) Growing plant cells expand mainly by water uptake. True C) Plants “feed” by taking up water and minerals from soil. True D) A plant may produce juvenile and adult leaves at the same time. True Q9. A student examining leaf cross sections under a microscope finds many tightly packed cells with relatively thick cell walls. The cells have no nucleus and are dead. What type of cells are they? [0.5pts] A) parenchyma B) xylem rays C) endodermis D) collenchyma E) sclerenchyma Q10. As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 meters tall. The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has grown to a height of 30 meters. About how many meters above the ground is the nail? [0.5pts] A) 0.5 B) 1.5 C) 3.0 D) 15.0 E) 28.5

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