Class 28- Translation Worksheet

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Feb 20, 2024

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BIOL 1001: Class 27 Worksheet (Translation - Chapter 12.6) 1. What are the 3 stages of translation? How do they compare to the three stages of transcription? Initiation, Elongation, Translation for both. Both are synthesizing new things for translation it is a polypeptide chain and for transcription it is an mRNA 2. List the components that are required to form the translation initiation complex in the order in which they are recruited. Ribosomal binding site on mRNA that attached to the small subunit of the ribosome and it attaches to the rRNA sequence. Initiator tRNA binds to the start codon and then the large subunit attaches. 3. How does the ribosome find the start codon in prokaryotes? How is this different in eukaryotes? In prokaryotes the small subunit looks for an upstream sequence to attach to before the tRNA attaches to the start codon. In eukaryotes they have a similar codon that binds to the ribosome as well as recognition from the 5’ cap and the poly A tail. 4. Protein synthesis from free amino acids is an endergonic process. How does the cell make the process of protein translation exergonic? The process requires energy through the use of ATP to link the corresponding tRNA to the right amino acid, forming peptide bonds requires energy too and also releasing the chain from the ribosome. 5. List the 3 sites in the ribosome that are involved in the synthesis of a protein from mRNA. What binds at the P-site? Initiation tRNA, polypeptide chain elongates from here and eventually releases. What binds at the A-site? Incoming tRNAs that encode for the next amino acid What happens at the E-site? tRNAs leave from the E site **Please note that this worksheet is to help highlight some important concepts and follow along during class.
BIOL 1001: Class 27 Worksheet (Translation - Chapter 12.6) 6. This scheme captures a ribosome in the process of elongating a polypeptide chain. Label as many parts of this diagram as possible, including the components and the sites. What will be the color sequence of the polypeptide, starting from the N-terminus, after this elongation step is complete? PBYVTPi What is the anticodon sequence (5’ to 3’) for the tRNA that is shown leaving on the left? CAG 7. Describe how the encounter of the ribosome with the stop codon leads to termination of translation. Stop codon then binds a release factor because there is no anticodon for the stop codon Is there any difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? No 8. Tetracycline inhibits the binding of aminoacyl tRNAs to the ribosome. What would be the impact of tetracycline on protein translation? **Please note that this worksheet is to help highlight some important concepts and follow along during class.
BIOL 1001: Class 27 Worksheet (Translation - Chapter 12.6) This means that it would occupy the A site so no new tRNAs could come in and effectively make there being no protein synthesis. No tRNA, No translation **Please note that this worksheet is to help highlight some important concepts and follow along during class.
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