KEY Exam 1 for BYS 215 FA23 Lecture Exam 1

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J.F. Drake State Community and Technical College *

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Feb 20, 2024

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BYS 215 Lecture Exam 1 Name: ____________________ Dr. Adcock – Chapters 1, 2 & 3 plus Introductory Powerpoint Information (50 questions/ 0.4 pts each) Introductory Information & Chapter 1: 1. Each time that dissection of a specimen is utilized as a "learning" technique in A&P, we are actually making use of a technique developed around 1543 by _____. A. Andreas Vesalius B. Nostradamus C. Hippocrates D. Walter B. Cannon 2. The “concept” of homeostasis has been around for hundreds of years but is really attributed to _____. A. Andreas Vesalius B. Nostradamus C. Hippocrates D. Walter B. Cannon 3. There are two major mechanisms/divisions that regulate human physiology- intrinsic and extrinsic. Extrinsic control is provided via: A. automatic response in a cell, tissue, or organ to some environmental change B. responses controlled by the nervous and endocrine systems C. allopathic response D. cellular and molecular response 4. We now appreciate how complex the interactions are between stress factors and overall health. The term employed to account for ALL factors that may affect human physiology is: A. homeopathy B. allostasis C. symbiosis D. homeostasis

5. In maintaining homeostasis, _____ feedback would be used by the body to maintain changes in blood pressure as in returning the pressure to a normal 120/75 mm Hg. A. Negative feedback B. Positive feedback C. Allostasis D. Homeopathy 6. The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called ________ anatomy. A. microscopic B. gross C. developmental D. systemic Chapters 2 & 3 Information 7. What are the four major elements found in the chemicals that comprise the human body? A. nitrogen, oxygen, calcium, sodium B. hydrogen, carbon, phosphorus, calcium C. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen D. oxygen, nitrogen, potassium, calcium E. potassium, phosphorus, sodium, hydrogen 8. Which of the following elements is necessary for proper conduction of nervous impulses along with K+? A. Fe B. I C. P D. Na 9. Because the human body is largely made of proteins, our homeostasis is affected by: A) pH and temperature B) carbon and iron C) nutrient flow and heat D) pressure and water 10. This relatively weak type of bond helps stabilize the three-dimensional structure of large molecules like proteins and DNA/RNA? A. Covalent B. Ionic C. Hydrogen D. Polar covalent E. Hydrostatic

11. The genetic information is coded (written) in DNA by the ________. A) regular alteration of sugar and phosphate molecules B) sequence of the nucleotides C) three-dimensional structure of the double helix D) arrangement of the histones 12. Which of the following is not true of proteins? A) They may be denatured or coagulated by heat or acidity. B) They have both functional and structural roles in the body.. C) They appear to be the molecular carriers of coded hereditary information. D) Their function depends on their three-dimensional shape. 13. The charge across a membrane is typically slightly _____. A) negative B) positive C) neutral D) acidic E) basic 14. Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of ________. A) glucose B) triglycerides C) glycogen D) cholesterol 15. Which of the following does NOT describe enzymes? A) Some enzymes are purely protein. B) Some enzymes are protein plus a cofactor. C) Each enzyme is chemically specific. D) Enzymes work by raising the energy of activation. 16. What level of protein synthesis is represented by the coiling of the polypeptide backbone into an alpha helix? A) primary structure B) secondary structure C) tertiary structure D) quaternary structure 17. Choose the answer that best describes fibrous proteins. A) rarely exhibit secondary structure B) are very stable and insoluble in water C) are usually called enzymes D) are cellular catalysts

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18. Which of the following is an example of a suspension? A) cytoplasm B) salt water C) rubbing alcohol D) blood 19. Which property of water is demonstrated when we sweat? A) high heat capacity B) high heat of vaporization C) polar solvent properties D) reactivity 20. Organelles that can neutralize or breakdown toxins and free radicals are _____. A) peroxisomes B) vacuoles C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum D) Golgi apparatus 21. What is the ratio of fatty acids to glycerol in neutral fats, which are stored in adipose cells? A) 1:1 B) 2:1 C) 3:1 D) 4:1 22. Each amino acid differs from another in the _____. A) number of central carbon atoms B) number of carboxyl groups C) nature of the side chains D) number of peptide bonds 23. Ions with a (+) charge are called _____. A) anions B) cations C) radicals D) isotopes 24. Proteins that are involved in complex communication pathways among cells, as well as include prostaglandins, are the _____ A) coenzymes B) cofactors C) eicosanoids D) chaperones 25. An example of a quaternary structure in proteins would be: A) alpha helices. B) beta-pleated sheets. C) three-dimensional folded conformation such as in hemoglobin D) a sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide

26. Which of the following bases would pair with adenine in DNA? A) cytosine B) guanine C) thymine D) uracil 27. Transcription is: A. the formation of DNA from mRNA B. the formation of mRNA from DNA C. the formation of a functional polypeptide from mRNA D. the formation of a functional mRNA from a polypeptide 28. Translation is: A. the formation of DNA from mRNA B. the formation of mRNA from DNA C. the formation of a functional polypeptide from mRNA D. the formation of a functional mRNA from a polypeptide 29. Which of the following correctly list the levels of structural organization in the human body from largest to smallest ? A) tissue - cellular - organ - organ system - organism - chemical B) chemical - cellular - tissue - organ - organ system - organism C) cellular - chemical - tissue - organ - organ system - organism D) organism - organ system - organ - tissue - cellular - chemical E) organism - organ system - cell - tissue - cellular - chemical 30. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lung tissue through the process of _____. A) osmosis B) simple diffusion C) facilitated diffusion D) active transport 31. Which of these is not a function of the plasma membrane? A) It is selectively permeable but permits water and gases to cross. B) It prevents potassium ions from leaking out and sodium ions from crossing into the cell. C) It acts as a site of cell-to-cell interaction and recognition. D) It encloses the cell contents in such a way that water I the body is divided into separate compartments.

32. Which type of cell junction acts as anchors and distributes tension through a cellular sheet and reduces the chance of tearing when it is subjected to great mechanical stress? (Hint: would allow sunburned skin to peel off) A) gap junctions B) desmosomes C) connexons D) tight junctions 33. If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what could happen? A) The cells will swell and ultimately burst. B) The cells will lose water and shrink. C) The cells will shrink at first, but will later reach equilibrium with the surrounding solution and return to their original condition. D) The cells will show no change due to diffusion of both solute and solvent. 34. A shortage of cholesterol in the body would interfere with the formation of _____> A) sex hormones B) proteins C) plasma membranes D) glycogen E) A&C 35. Changes in transmembrane potential of a cell are involved in _____. A) thought B) glandular secretion C) Movement D) A&B only E) all of the above are correct 36. In mitosis, which stage is considered to be the longest stage that a cell will remain in? A) prophase B) metaphase C) anaphase D) telophase E) interphase 37. Cell differentiation A) lies within the genes expressed in each cell type B) is dependent upon the exact chromosomes present in each cell C) indicates the specific DNA that each cell receives during mitosis D) indicates the specific RNA that each cell receives during meiosis 38. A gene can best be defined as ________.

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A) a three-base triplet that specifies a particular amino acid B) noncoding segments of DNA up to 100,000 nucleotides long C) a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain D) an RNA messenger that codes for a particular polypeptide 39. Aerobic cellular respiration occurs in the ________. A. Golgi apparatus B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum D. Mitochondria 40. Which of the following is not a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? A) lipid metabolism and cholesterol synthesis B) produces ATP from ADP C) places carbohydrates on proteins D) site of protein synthesis 41. Renewal or modification of the cell membrane is a function of the _____. A) mitochondria B) ribosomes C) Golgi apparatus D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 42. The buffering capacity of the blood is written by the equation: CO2 + H2O -> H2CO3 -> (?) A ) HCO3- + H+ B) HCO- + H2O C) H2O + H+ D) HCO3- + CO2 43. Meiosis differs from mitosis in _____. A. the number of genes copied B. the total number of chromosomes C. the lack of DNA synthesis D. the cell types they occur in E. two of the answers are correct 44. Which of the following would not be a characteristic of a globular protein? A) exhibits at least partial solubility in water B) would include keratin as an example C) held together by intramolecular bonds D) would include an antibody as an example

45. Which bonds often bind different parts of a molecule into a specific three- dimensional shape, ie. those found within a protein? A) Carbon B) Hydrogen C) Oxygen D) Amino acid 46. The pH of the blood in the human body is based upon a regulation of ions in the blood. The systems most readily affecting the ion concentrations would be the renal (urinary system) and the _____: A. digestive system B. respiratory C. immune D. blood (vascular) 47. The most common disaccharides in the body are: A. sucrose, maltose and lactose B. glucose, sucrose and galactose C. sucrose, glucose and mannose D. galactose, lactose and sucrose 48. A long-term energy storage molecule in the body would be a/an _____. A) ATP molecule B) phospholipid molecule C) cholesterol molecule D) triglyceride molecule E) lipoprotein molecule 49. This lipid is used by the body as a precursor for the production of steroid hormones. A) phospholipid B) cholesterol C) triglyceride D) lipoprotein 50. Some of the earliest and most detailed musculoskeletal diagrams ever drawn were done by _____. A. Walter Cannon B. Vesalius C. Hippocrates D. Nostradamus

KEY Exam 1 for BYS 215 FA23 Lecture Exam 1

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