20 BIOL 1122 - Biology 2 for Health Studies Majors Discussion assignment 2

docx

School

University of Notre Dame *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

1122

Subject

Biology

Date

Nov 24, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by mainman4545v78

Bacteria are simple, single-celled organisms called prokaryotes. That is, their DNA is located in, but not surrounded by, a specific region of the cell called the nucleolus. Bacteria are one of the oldest living things on Earth, appearing at least 3.5 billion years ago. You need a microscope to see them. Bacteria come in a variety of shapes and sizes, such as balls, cylinders, wires, rods, and chains. They can be aerobic (need oxygen to live), anaerobic (die from exposure to oxygen), or people who love oxygen but can live without it. Autotrophs are bacteria that generate energy through light or chemical reactions, whereas heterotrophs must consume and decompose complex organic compounds to produce energy. Viruses are composed of genetic material such as DNA or RNA (but not both) encased in a protein coat known as a capsid. This membrane is sometimes surrounded by a membrane of fat and protein molecules, where there may be triangular, triangular, or mushroom-shaped glycoprotein projections called peplomers. These spines bind only to specific receptors on the host cell, which infects the virus and causes it to become infected. Viruses are parasitic in nature, relying on host cells to reproduce and survive (Fookes, 2022). According to Aryal (2018), the following are the distinctions between bacteria and viruses: 1. Bacteria are larger than viruses, which are much smaller. 2. Cell walls exist in bacteria but not in viruses. 3. DNA and RNA are found in the cytoplasm of bacteria, while in viruses it is in the protein coat. 4. Bacteria are unicellular, whereas viruses lack cells. Here are some more distinctions between bacteria and viruses, according to Fookes (2022): 1. Bacteria cause disease in less than 1% of cases. Many of them are beneficial to our health as well as the health of the planet's ecosystems. The majority of viruses cause disease. 2. Antibiotics can be used to treat certain bacterial infections, but they have no antiviral properties. Some serious bacterial infections can be avoided with vaccinations. 3. Vaccination is the primary method of preventing viral infections. Antiviral drugs, on the other hand, have been developed to treat certain viral infections, such as hepatitis C or HIV. Antiviral medications are ineffective against bacteria. Choose an example of a bacteria and an example of a virus that can cause illness in humans and compare the contribution each type of organism makes to the disease process: The bacteria Escherichia coli causes urinary tract infection (UTI). People become infected with these bacteria because bacteria can remain around your genitals, pass through your urethra, and swim into your bladder, infecting you. The infected bladder swells, resulting in a condition known as cystitis (Flores-Mireles, et.al., 2015). Based on my experience when I am working at a call center, most of the agents are infected by UTIs due to a lack of water intake, and they are prevented to urinate or have time to pee due to long hours of taking calls and need to comply with the break schedule. The human immunodeficiency virus causes AIDS. People can become infected with this virus in a variety of ways, including sharing sharp objects with infected people, having unprotected sex with an infected person, and having sex with multiple partners. Sometimes due to blood transfusion without proper testing of the blood (HIV.gov, 2018). Consider the most prevalent infectious diseases around today. Are they caused by viruses or bacteria? According to our observations, COVID-19, which is caused by viruses, is the most common infectious disease in the Philippines and other countries. Which of these pathogens do you consider to be more effective in its mechanism of spread and survival? Viruses are one type of pathogen. They also spread faster than bacteria. Bacteria are one type of pathogen. They also live longer than viruses (Santos-Longhurst, 2019).

Do you consider viruses or bacteria to be a greater threat to the health of modern man? Viruses, in my opinion, pose a greater threat to modern man's health because we are currently fighting Covid-19. We are fighting to stay safe and alive by wearing masks, keeping our surfaces clean, and regularly washing our hands. Furthermore, Covid-19 is caused by a virus, and HIV/AIDS is another virus-caused life-threatening disease. In a nutshell, viruses pose a greater health risk. Always remember to take good care of our bodies so that bad bacteria and viruses do not thrive and negatively impact our daily lives. References: Aryal, S. (2018). Differences Between Bacteria and Viruses retrieved from https://microbiologyinfo.com/differences-between- bacteria-and-viruses/ Flores-Mireles, A. L., Walker, J. N., Caparon, M., & Hultgren, S. J. (2015). Urinary Tract infections: epidemiology, Mechanisms of Infection and Treatment Options. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 13(5), 269–284. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3432 Fookes, Carmen (2022). What's the difference between Bacteria and Viruses? Retrieved from https://www.drugs.com/medical-answers/difference-between- bacteria-virus- 3503840/#:~:text=Bacteria%20are%20single%2Dcelled%2C%20living,for%20energy %2C%20and%20to%20reproduce . HIV.gov (2018). How Do You Get or Transmit HIV? Retrieved from https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/about-hiv-and- aids/how-is-hiv-transmitted Santos-Longhurst, A. (2019). What You Need to Know About Pathogens and the Spread of Disease retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-a-pathogen 817 words

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Related Documents

Screenshot_2023-11-20-14-37-32-454_com.google.android.apps.docs.jpg

Comparing DNA.pdf

W5 - Comment 2.docx

sample_exam3.pdf

Asignaciones de medios de cultivo.pdf

008. Questions.pdf

06-03_task-3.docx

D236 (19).pdf

AP Biology Summer Assignment.pdf

BIOC_3621_Dewey_Exam_2__1_.docx.docx

An Overview of Pfizer's COVID-19 Vaccine.docx

Myosin Light Chain 5.edited version 8.docx

Recommended textbooks for you

Biology 2e

Biology

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:OpenStax

Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...

Biology

ISBN:9781305117396

Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Concepts of Biology

Biology

ISBN:9781938168116

Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Publisher:OpenStax College

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...

Biology

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Biomedical Instrumentation Systems

Chemistry

ISBN:9781133478294

Author:Chatterjee

Publisher:Cengage

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

Biology

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Cengage Learning

SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS

Recommended textbooks for you

Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...
Biology
ISBN:9781305117396
Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Concepts of Biology
Biology
ISBN:9781938168116
Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise
Publisher:OpenStax College
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biomedical Instrumentation Systems
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133478294
Author:Chatterjee
Publisher:Cengage
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning