Myosin Light Chain 5.edited version 8

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Myosin Light Chain 2 (MLC2) Student’s Name: Institution Affiliation: Course Name: Lecturer:

Introduction Myosin Light Chain 2 (MLC2) Gene The MLC2 homologous gene in Drosophila , is known for enhancing and triggering the oblique wing muscles and stretching activation of the wings. Myosin is a protein that makes the muscles filaments of the Drosophila with a thicker layer. All the filaments formed by the myosin are designed with the same structure, of two heavy weighted chains and two more pairs of light- weighted chains. Gradually, as the Drosophila evolves, so do myosin. The indirect flight muscles of the Drosophila have developed substantially, having arranged myofilament structures with lattice and uses contractions of the oscillatory for stretching launching mechanism to flap the wings to higher heights for geographical identification by the Drosophila . Additionally, the indirect flight muscles are also associated with vibration behaviours of the Drosophila known as sine and pulse. Sine and pulse are male courtship called song which is an essential mechanism during the mating and sexual identification during mating. Far from the indirect flight mechanism, the mechanism muscle gene behind the mating and the courtship song is not known. Prompt to this research is answering the question if the MLC2 affects sexual behaviour of the Drosophila. The MLC2 gene is essential to the Drosophila; therefore influencing the behaviour and the development of the Drosophila . To have insight on how gene mutations of the MLC2 alter the flight and the mating behaviour of the Drosophila ; two essential proteins for the functioning of the indirect flight muscles were experimented, an IFM protein (FLN), very crucial for structuring and integration of the IFM. The other muscle was the Ubiquitous muscle. This muscle protein is essential for the regulation of myosin known to launch IFM stretching. After comparison of the FLN pattern across the Drosophila species, there is revelation relationship with the N terminal region

evolving quickly compared to the rest of the protein of myosin (Moore et, al 2000). The removal of the N terminal region resulted in the reduction in IFM performance in terms of power and stiffness, thus a gradual decrease in the flight ability although there was a normal wing flapping frequency. Ideally, the FLN removal spacing of the myofilament and arrangement, suggested that the FLN is essential for the improvement of performance and ability of the IFM. There was also a 92% reduction in courtship success of the males after of the FLN N terminal was removed showing that it determined the sexual parameters of the males. This also showed that FLN N terminal is not of much importance in the courtship of the males but was necessary for the optimization of indirect flight mechanism. Consequently, Mutation of the MLC2 and interference of the myosin through the ubiquitous muscle protein of myosin, was seen to alter flight through a decrease in myosin contractile and the activation stretching response. This directly affected the indirect flight mechanism of the Drosophila. Far from FLN, MLC2 do not show an effect in the sine and pulse of the males, these are sexual habits of the Dorosophila. Mutations in the MLC2 proved different for the sine and pulse thus suggesting that flight is rarely involved in song of the males (Chakravorty et, al 2014). The results also confirm that FLN and MLC2 genes are very crucial for the flight of the species. Description of the Biological System Involving MLC2 Gene The flight is the movement of organisms that are structured with wings. The system that is associated with the MLC2 is flight. The flight is essential for these organisms to move and search for food. The wings are light structures used for flying. The wings of Drosophila are vein- like structured which develop during the pupa stage of development. They are light and made of muscles attached from the thorax of the Drosophila . The muscles of the protein are made of filaments that generate force when the muscle is triggered, thus launching flight.

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In conclusion, the phenotypic approach to study the flying behaviour of the Drosophila is the effect Pheno- critical period of venation of the wings in stages of development of the Drosophila fly. Wings of adults are good structures systems for analysis of genetics by different morphogenetic pathways of the Drosophila. There are those with standard venation arrangements and those with varying patterns of venation which are specified under the epidermal growth factor during pupa and larvae stages of development. Finally, the wings are very crucial parts in the life of Drosophila in that they influence the growth, behaviour and the evolution of the Drosophila species.

References Chakravorty, S., Vu, H., Foelber, V., & Vigoreaux, J. O. (2014). Mutations of the Drosophila Myosin Regulatory Light Chain Affect Courtship Song and Reduce Reproductive Success. PLoS ONE , 9 (2), e90077. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090077 Moore, J. R., Dickinson, M. H., Vigoreaux, J. O., & Maughan, D. W. (2000). The Effect of Removing the N-Terminal Extension of the Drosophila Myosin Regulatory Light Chain upon Flight Ability and the Contractile Dynamics of Indirect Flight Muscle. Biophysical Journal , 78 (3), 1431-1440. doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(00)76696-3 .

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