AP Biology Summer Assignment

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Laramie County Community College *

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2010 500

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Biology

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Nov 24, 2024

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pdf

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7

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AP Biology Summer Assignment International Studies Charter High School Mr. Santiago Welcome to AP Biology! This is a very rigorous, but also fulfilling course targeted for students wishing to pursue a career in the life sciences. I look forward to mentoring you this upcoming year about the core scientific principles, theories, and processes that govern living organisms and biological systems. However, before we get started, we need to make sure you have the necessary foundation to succeed. Assignment #1 DUE : August 17 th 2023 Grading : Quiz Grade As a result, your first assignment will consist of filling out a list of concepts with descriptions you previously encountered in Biology Honors. I advise you to get started early and work on it in chunks. Do not plagiarize! In other words, do not copy and paste straight from sources. You are welcome to use the internet, encyclopedias, and other texts to subsidize your pool of knowledge or to refresh the information you may not recall. However, make sure you are using your own words in your final work. In addition, while you may assist each other, you are responsible for your own work. Two identical assignments will merit an automatic F. Topic 1 Macromolecules 1. What are the levels of organization of life? 2. List and describe the 2 types of bonds found in water 3. Adhesion 4. Cohesion 5. Specific Heat 6. Heat of Vaporization 7. Describes what happens to water when it freezes and why? 8. Solute solvent, solution and solubility 9. What are the 4 macromolecules? What are their function? Topic 2 Origins of Life 1. Chemical Evolution (Miller-Urey & Fox) 2. Abiogenesis (Oparin) 3. Biogenesis (Pasteur) 4. Endosymbiotic Theory Topic 3 Cells 1. Light Compound Microscope 2. Electron Microscope 3. Dissecting Microscope 4. Cell Theory 5. Create a chart showing the differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes 6. Create a chart showing the differences between Plant and Animal Cells 7. Describe: Nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm 8. Endoplasmic Reticulum: Rough and Smooth 9. Ribosomes 10. Vacuole/Vesicles
11. Golgi Apparatus 12. Lysosome 13. Plasma Membrane 14. Cell Wall 15. Cytoskeleton Topic 4 Enzymes 1. What is an enzyme? 2. What is a catalyst? 3. What is the activation energy? 4. What is denaturing? What factors affect an enzyme? Topic 5 Photosynthesis 1. What are the Reactants and Products of Photosynthesis 2. What is the function of Chloroplast? 3. What are the 2 reactions of photosynthesis? 4. What are Cyanobacteria? Topic 6 Cellular Respiration 1. Reactants and Products of Cellular Respiration 2. What is the function of Mitochondria? 3. What is Fermentation? Topic 7 Mitosis 1. What happens during Interphase? 2. Describe what happens at every stage of Mitosis 3. What is Cytokinesis? 4. Asexual Reproduction (Binary Fission) 5. What is Cancer? Topic 8 Meiosis 1. Describe sexual Reproduction, Fertilization and Gametes 2. Describe all the details happening at every stage of Meiosis I 3. Describe all the details happening at every stage of Meiosis II Topic 9 Heredity 1. Describe the procedures and results of Mendel’s Experiment 2. Describe Mendel’s Law of (Dominance, Segregation and Independent Assortment) 3. Punnett Squares 4. Homozygous vs Heterozygous 5. Dominant vs Recessive 6. Phenotype vs Genotype 7. Traits vs Characteristics vs Alleles 8. Incomplete Dominance 9. Codominance 10. Polygenic Traits 11. Multiple Alleles 12. Sex-linked vs Autosomes
Topic 10 DNA 1. Griffith experiment 2. Avery experiment 3. Hershey & Chase experiment 4. Chargaff 5. Watson & Crick model 6. Structure (Picture) & Function of DNA 7. What is Replication? 8. Why is DNA said to be Semi-conservative? 9. What does it mean that DNA is anti-parallel? Topic 11 RNA 1. Make a chart of the differences and similarities between RNA and DNA 2. List and describe the 3 types of RNA 3. Describe codons, amino acids and the genetic code 4. What is Transcription? 5. What is Translation? 6. Gene mutations Point Mutations (Silent vs Missense) Frameshift 8. Chromosomal mutations Aneuploidy Polyploidy 9. Effects of mutations (Somatic vs Germline) & Neutral vs Beneficial vs Negative 10. Genetic Variation 11. Epigenetics Topic 12 Biotechnology 1. Transgenic 2. GMO 3. Human Genome project 4. Gene therapy 5. Describe how Dolly, the sheep was cloned 6. CRISPR 7. Fuel Biotechnology 8. Genetic testing for disease prevention 9. Ethics behind Biotechnology Topic 13 Theory of Evolution 1. Evidence for Theory of Evolution Homologous Structures Vestigial Structures Embryology Biogeography Fossils Molecular Biology DNA Cell Theory
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Topic 14 Mechanisms of Evolution 1. Natural Selection 2. Adaptations 3. Divergent Evolution 4. Other mechanisms of Evolution Genetic Drift Bottleneck Effect Founder’s Effect NonRandom Mating Topic 15 Taxonomy 1. Classing organisms based on evolutionary relationships Binomial Nomenclature rules Phylogeny Trees Cladograms Shared Ancestral Characteristics Shared Derived Characteristics 2. Linnaeus Classification System (List 3 Domains and 4 Kingdoms along with other levels) 3. Reasons for changes in how organisms are classified Convergent Evolution Analogous Structures Topic 16 Ecosystems 1. Biomes Tundra Coniferous Forest Deciduous Forests Wetlands Tropical Rain Forest Savannas Deserts 2. Distribution of life in aquatic systems Biotic Factors Abiotic factors Chemical: pH Oxygen levels CO2 levels Nitrogen availability Phosphorus availability Salinity Geographical: Water depth Latitude Temperature Underwater topography Proximity to land
3. Succession Primary Secondary 4. Climate Change 5. Members of the community Decomposer Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore Scavenger Symbiosis Topic 17 Energy Flow 1. Food chains 2. Food webs 3. Trophic levels 4. Pathway of Energy Transfer 5. Energy Pyramids 6. 10% Rule 7. Biogeochemical Cycles: Water Cycle Evaporation Condensation Precipitation Transpiration Runoff Carbon Cycle Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Combustion Diffusion Decay Topic 18 Populations in an Ecosystem 1. Population dynamics and graphs Exponential Growth Logistic Growth 2. Carrying Capacity Birth rates Death rates Immigration Emigration Predator-Prey Relationship Topic 19 Human Impact on Environment 1. Sustainability Ecological Footprint Overpopulation
2. Environmental Policy: Air Acid Rain Smog Ozone Depletion Greenhouse Gases Water Eutrophication Ocean Acidification Biomagnification Bioaccumulation Land Deforestation Erosion Desertification 3. Costs and benefits of: Renewable energy sources Non-renewable energy resources 4. Biodiversity Extinctions Conservation Efforts Assignment #2 DUE : August 17 th 2023 Grading : Project Grade AP Biology is an inquiry-based laboratory course. The second part of the summer assignment is intended to expose students to the concept of inquiry-based laboratories before they begin the course. Inquiry based labs require students to utilize the scientific method to design and conduct their own experiments. Students are not given an expected result that they should try to get from the experiment, but must instead conduct background research to anticipate possible results and formulate a testable hypothesis. The final product of the inquiry- based lab will be a formal lab report. The lab report must be typed using size 12 Times New Roman (not bold or italicized) and 1.00-inch margin all around. The format of the lab report should follow the guidelines provided below: Introduction : (2 paragraphs) Mention previous studies carried out on your factor or another one that is closely related to it. Background knowledge which leads you to deduce how the factor should affect your plant. Justify the work carried out (relevance/purpose). Why do we care? Define the problem. Hypothesis Hypothesis in the “If…..then….because” format Identify the Independent variable Identify the Dependent variable Identify the Control Group Materials Listed in alphabetical order
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Methods Step-by-step set up and procedure of experiment. If someone follows these directions they should be able to replicate your experiment. Results Quantitative Data Qualitative Data Pictures (optional) Chart or Graph showcasing your data Discussion (2 paragraphs) Did the data support the hypothesis? Why or why not? Discuss/interpret results of data Give possible reasoning for results Compare results with previously published scientific research Conclusion (2 paragraphs) Identify any flaws in your experimental set-up Identify the limitations of your procedures or the findings What are some things you would do differently next time. References Cite your sources in APA format Experiment Topic : Factors that may affect plant growth In this experiment, students will select a plant to test an independent variable on. It is recommended that plants be grown from seeds. Some examples of fast-growing plants include peas, beans and radishes. Examples of experiments include, but are not limited to: 1. Does crowding affect plant growth? 2. Does the depth of seeds in soil affect plant growth? 3. Do different amounts of water per day affect plant growth? 4. Do different water temperatures affect plant growth? 5. Does different water pH levels affect plant growth? 6. Does amount of soil affect plant growth? 7. Does type of soil (sand, dirt, clay) affect plant growth? 8. Do different light frequencies (red, green, blue) affect plant growth? Class Materials : Below is a list of materials you will need everyday in class. 1. #2 Pencils 2. Ruler 3. Red Pen 4. Highlighter 5. Blue or Black Pens 6. Colored Pencils or Markers 7. Scientific Calculator 8. Graph Paper 9. College-Ruled Paper 10. Dedicated 1 inch 3-Ring Binder

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