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M3 L1: Gizmo Simulation Lab: Photosynthesis Name: martin Date: 6/18/24 What did you eat for breakfast, lunch, and dinner yesterday? Imagine that your body made its own food, internally. Sound crazy? Plants do this all the time. Plants make their own food in a process called photosynthesis . In photosynthesis, plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and water (H 2 O) to make sugars, which provide them with the energy they need to live as well as the raw materials they need to grow. As a byproduct of photosynthesis, plants produce and release oxygen (O 2 ). A. Photosynthesis and Light Intensity 1. In the Gizmo™, observe the aquatic plant. During photosynthesis, the plant produces oxygen, which is visible as bubbles leaving the plant. Set the Light intensity to 0%. (To quickly set a slider to a specific value, type the number in the field to the right of the slider and press Enter.) Check that the Temperature slider is set to 30.0°C and the CO2 level is set to 500ppm. Then select the BAR CHART tab. What is the rate of oxygen production? 0 What does this tell you about the rate of photosynthesis when no light is present? Explain your answer. This tells me that since there's no light, there's no photosynthesis being made or occur. 2. Slowly drag the Light intensity slider up to 40%. What happens to the rate of oxygen production as the light intensity increases? The rate of oxygen increases as the light intensity increases What does this tell you about the rate of photosynthesis as the light intensity increases? This tells me that the more light that being used, the more oxygen or photosynthesis occurs. Does increasing light intensity always have the same effect on oxygen production? In other words, experiment with the light slider to see if there are there certain light intensity changes that have no effect at all? Describe what you see. Well when I turned up the light intensity to over 40 (53%), the amount of oxygen being produced just stayed the same 3. Select the TABLE tab. You will now use the table to record data on oxygen production at different intensities of light. 4. Set the Light intensity to 0%. Click on the Record Data button to record this information in the table. Increase the light intensity in increments of ten up to 100% and record data each time. Does your data agree with your findings in step 2c? Explain why or why not. Yes my data agrees because I turned the light intensity to 100% and the oxygen stayed the Revised by NVLA: 10/15/2020

M3 L1: Gizmo Simulation Lab: Photosynthesis same. 5. To view a graph of your data, select the GRAPH tab. Be sure that Intensity is selected from the options below the graph. Click on the camera icon in the upper right corner to take a snapshot of the graph. Insert the camera shot of your graph in the space to the right. Describe the shape of the graph. Oxygen Production vs. Light Intensity Graph The shape is a line that evens out when it gets to 40% Revised by NVLA: 10/15/2020

M3 L1: Gizmo Simulation Lab: Photosynthesis B. Photosynthesis and Carbon Dioxide Level During photosynthesis, plants use carbon dioxide (CO2) as a source of carbon, which is used to build an energy-rich sugar called glucose. Does the amount of CO2 available influence the rate of photosynthesis? To find out, you will measure the rate of photosynthesis at different CO2 levels. 6. Click on the BAR CHART tab. The CO2 level indicates the amount of dissolved CO2. Set the Light intensity slider to 90% and the Temperature to 30.0°C. Set the CO2 level slider to 0.0 ppm. What is the rate of oxygen production when there is no carbon dioxide available? 0 7. Slowly drag the CO2 level slider to the right up to 200 ppm. What happens to the rate of oxygen production as the CO2 level increases? As the CO2 level increases, the oxygen level decreses What happens when the CO2 level exceeds 300 ppm? When I increased the CO2 level to 300, the oxygen level increased. 8. Select the GRAPH tab, and select CO2 from the options below the graph. Click Clear Data. Create a graph of oxygen production vs. CO2 concentration. Record the oxygen production when the CO2 concentration is 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, and so on up to 1000 pm. Be sure to click on Record Data each time so all of the data is recorded in your table. Click on the camera icon in the upper right corner to take a snapshot of the graph. Insert the camera shot of your graph in the space to the right. Oxygen Production vs. CO2 Concentration Revised by NVLA: 10/15/2020

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M3 L1: Gizmo Simulation Lab: Photosynthesis How is this graph similar to the light intensity graph? It's similar because in the light intensity graph, the line evened out when it reached 40, now in the oxygen flow graph, the line evened out at 400. Basically, both lines reached out when it reached 4, or 40. Revised by NVLA: 10/15/2020

M3 L1: Gizmo Simulation Lab: Photosynthesis C. Photosynthesis and Temperature The production of sugars in photosynthesis is the result of a sequence of chemical reactions. Each reaction is sensitive to the temperature at which it takes place. Depending on their environments, different plants will undergo photosynthesis most efficiently at different temperatures. 9. Set the Light intensity to 90% and the CO2 level to 500 ppm. Set the Temperature to 0.0°C and select the BAR CHART tab. What is the oxygen production when the water temperature is 0.0°C? 0 What does this tell you about the rate of photosynthesis when the temperature is 0.0°C? photosynthesis can't occur when it's cold since you need sunlight and etc. 10. Slowly drag the temperature slider up. What happens to the rate of oxygen production as temperature is increased from 0°C to 25°C? The rate of oxygen increased as I increased the temp to 25. What happens to the rate of oxygen production when the temperature exceeds 25°C? When it exceeds 25c, the rate of oxygen decreases to 0 11. Select the GRAPH tab, choose the Temp (C) option, and create a graph of oxygen production vs. temperature at intervals of 10. Use the camera tool to take a camera shot of the graph. Insert the graph in the space to the right: How is this graph different from the two previous graphs? Revised by NVLA: 10/15/2020

M3 L1: Gizmo Simulation Lab: Photosynthesis This graph is different from the two graphs because this line is graphed out a little weird, during 20 and 30 temperature it goes up then goes right back down. Revised by NVLA: 10/15/2020

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M3 L1: Gizmo Simulation Lab: Photosynthesis D. Photosynthesis and Color White light is a combination of different colors of light. The specific color of light we see is determined by its wavelength, which is measured in nanometers (nm). Visible light ranges from 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). In this activity, you will measure the rate of photosynthesis at different wavelengths. (Note to the colorblind: The color that corresponds to each wavelength is written on the DESCRIPTION tab.) 12. Select the COLOR tab and the BAR CHART tab. Set the Light intensity to 90%, CO2 level to 500 ppm, Temperature to 30.0°C, and Light wavelength to 400 nm. Slowly drag the Light wavelength slider to the right. Describe what happens to the rate of oxygen production as you do so. Depending on the color, the rate of oxygen goes up and down. 13. Select the table tab and create a chart of oxygen production vs. wavelength. Start at 400 and record data at intervals of 50, up to 700 hitting record data each time. Select the GRAPH tab and the Wavelength option and take a camera shot of the graph. Insert the graph in the space to the right: Which two colors and wavelengths resulted in the highest rates of photosynthesis? (You can click on the TABLE tab to see numerical values for your data.) Color Wavelength (nm) blue 450 orange 650 Which color and wavelength led to the lowest rate of photosynthesis? Revised by NVLA: 10/15/2020

M3 L1: Gizmo Simulation Lab: Photosynthesis (You can click on the TABLE tab to see numerical values for your data.) Color Wavelength (nm) green 550 Many plants look green because they reflect green light. Why was it an efficient “choice” of color for the plants to be green? It's an efficient choice because plants absorb more green reosurces?. Revised by NVLA: 10/15/2020

M3 L1: Gizmo Simulation Lab: Photosynthesis E. Limiting Factors Photosynthesis requires light, CO2, and a proper temperature. When one of these factors is in short supply, it is called a limiting factor. Photosynthesis can only occur as fast as the limiting factor allows. In this activity, you will explore the limitations that these factors cause. 1. Select the WHITE tab and the BAR CHART tab. Set the Temperature to 20.0°C, the Light intensity to 30%, and the CO2 level to 200 ppm. Click on the Show numerical values checkbox, and make a note of the oxygen production. a. Increase the Light intensity to 50%. Did this have any effect on the oxygen production? Why do you think this is? It had no effects on the oxygen and I think this is because the oxygen doesn't increase after it reaches or exceeds 40% b. Set the Light intensity back to 30%. Now, slowly increase the Temperature to 25.0°C . Did this have any effect on the oxygen production? This also didn't have an effect and I think this because the light and the co2 is keeping it stable. c. Set the Temperature back to 20.0°C. Now, increase the CO2 level to 300 ppm. Did this have any effect on the oxygen production? Why do you think this is? It did have effects by making the oxygen increase. I think because the CO2 is increased which is helping the plants. d. Set the CO2 level back to 200 ppm. In this situation, what do you think was the limiting factor? Explain your reasoning. (Hint: If changing a particular factor increased the oxygen production, then that was the limiting factor.) I think the limiting factor is the CO2 because the oxygen increased when the amount of CO2 increased but when the other factors were increased, the oxygen stayed the same. 2. Experiment with the Gizmo to find other examples of limiting factors. In what conditions is light intensity a limiting factor? The co2 is at 280, the temp is 25 and the light intensity is 27 In what conditions is temperature a limiting factor? when the temp is 25, the co2 level is 480 and the light intensity is 43. 3. Suppose you were growing aquatic plants for sale. What are the ideal values for temperature, light intensity, CO2 level, and wavelength? Revised by NVLA: 10/15/2020

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M3 L1: Gizmo Simulation Lab: Photosynthesis Experiment with the Gizmo to answer this question. You want the least cost possible with the highest oxygen flow possible. Include a camera shot of your results. Temperature: 25 Light Intensity: 100 Carbon Dioxide: 400ppm Wavelength: 450 ppm What was the oxygen flow rate based on your settings: 84.8 mL/H Revised by NVLA: 10/15/2020

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