Cultural Anthropology Test: Key Concepts and Questions Explained

Cultural Anthropology TEST Question 1(2 points) Which of the following is NOT one of the four fields of anthropology? Cultural Linguistic Spiritual Physical Question 2 (2 points) This is the process by which a young individual adopts the behavior patterns of the culture in which they are immersed? Enculturation Acculturation Adaption Assimilation Question 3 (2 points) What is the term for animal communication, consisting of up to 60 fixed sounds? Call System Semantice Vocal Assimilation Productivity Question 4(2 points) Which of the following is the oldest evidence for human material culture? Cave art Fire pits Writing slabs Stone tools Question 5(2 points) Anthropological field work in a cultural setting where anthropologists gather data in order to transmit that information to others is called? Ethnography Ethnology Applied anthropology Good times Question 6 (2 points) In linguistics, what is the ability to create new words and word formatting?

morphology Question 5(2 points) How long ago did people begin to shift from a foraging lifestyle to more complex means? 12,000 years ago Question 8(2 points) What is the general term for an item made or altered by humans, such as a tool or other cultural manifestation of archaeological interest Anthropoid Ecofact Artifact Feature Question 9(2 points) What refers to the idea that the values, knowledge, and behavior of people must be understood within their own cultural context and that it is inappropriate to judge the behaviors of another society? Ethnocentrism Methodology Relativism Diffusion Question 10(2 points) People who live in arctic climates have many more words for "snow" than people who live in tropical environments. This is an example of cultural phenomenon? Focal Vocabulary Sociolinguistics Linguistic displacement Linguistic productivity Question 11(2 points) Which of the following is MOST true about sex and gender? They are different in that sex is a biological construct, while gender is a cultural construct Question 12 (2 points) What is meant when it is said that a society is egalitarian? A groups split apart during certain times of the year, and reconvene during others Most members of society have equal access to services or wealth Males and females have much different levels of access to goods and service They worship eagles

Question 13 (2 points) Which anthropological system of thought focuses on the investigation into, and discussion, of the struggle between classes in society? World Systems Marxist Functionalist Structuralist Question 14 (2 points) Which anthropological figure is known as the "Father of American Anthropology"? Franz Boas Branislav Malinowski Edward Tylor Jean-Jacques Rousseau Question 15 (2 points) What is the smallest part of a sentence that when said alone retains its meaning? Syntax Word Phoneme Phrase Question 16(2 points) Question 17 (2 points) Each month, an individual must give 75% of their harvest to their village leader, who then gives 75% of all his collected harvest to the society's higher leadership. At the end of the harvest season, the leader throws a feast, in which all the peasant farmers attend and are treated to the feast. What type of economic exchange is being demonstrated in this example? Market exchange Balanced reciprocity Negative reciprocity Redistribution Question 18 (2 points) A discipline of anthropology that is becoming more popular, _______ anthropology functions in that the researcher is a member of the society under study. Native

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Applied Localized Collaborative Question 19 (2 points) What is the name for the system of selective breeding meant to cut out undesirable traits? Ethnoscience Ethnocide Eugenics Ethnogenesis Question 20 (2 points) Which type of discrimination is a form of official public policy? De jure de facto de giorno de nice Question 21 (2 points) Which anthropologist is credited with the establishment of functionalist anthropology? Branislav Malinowski Franz Boas Max Weber Clause Levi-Strauss Question 22 (2 points) What is the total stock of words present in a language? Dialogue Syntax Morphology Lexicon Question 23 (2 points) What is the origin of burakumin in Japanese society? Their ancestors did “unclean” work They are the descendants of Immigrants to Japan They are being punished for deeds in a past life They are of mixed racial ancestry Question 24 (2 points)

What is a society's totality of ideas about sex, gender and the natures of men and women. Gender roles Gender ideology Gender stratification Gender prejudice Question 25 (2 points) Foragers that live in which type of climate are most likely to enrage in large game hunting? Warm Temperate cold Dry Question 26 (2 points) What made Malinowski so different as an ethnographer from other anthropologists of the early 20th century? A focus on learning the language of the people Spending more time with women in society Taking more time to work alongside the people Observing society from the verandah Question 27 (2 points) Which subfield of biological anthropology includes the study of living monkeys and apes? Primatology Orthology Paleontology Paleoanthropology Question 28 (2 points) Who argued that the structure of a language affects its speakers world view, and therefore perceptions are relative to the language being spoken. Benjamin Whorf Julian Steward Max Weber Edward Tylor Question 29 (2 points) Margaret Mead's work with what people played a role in the development of the sexual revolution of the 1960s in the United States? Young girls in Samoa

Young boys and girls in the United States Adult women in Africa Men and women around the world Question 30 (2 points) The ________ are the characteristics believed to be shared by an entire country. Basic personality Mean character Modal personality National character Question 31 (2 points) What is the primary variable or factor, in a society, that leads to social stratification? The need to determine who is an available sexual partner Determining who will maintain order and rule Distributing goods and services throughout society Outside forces maintaining hegemony over a group Question 32 (2 points) What discredited field of science used brain shape to determine cognition? Phonology Phrenology Oncology Enterology Question 33 (2 points) What is the loss of distinct cultural traits associated with integration into a dominant culture? Acclimatization Cultural Assimilation Racial Assimilation Dual Enculturation Question 34 (2 points) The Japanese enacted a policy of isolation in 1641 primarily in response to the fear of growing socialism being spread from Europe. True False Question 35 (2 points) Generalized reciprocity involves close individuals where nothing is expected in return.

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True False Question 36 (2 points) The Means of Production are those resources required to do work in an industrialized economy. These resources include land, labor, and tools associated with crafting and manufacturing. True False Question 37 (2 points). An etic approach to qualitative research is data gathering by outsiders that yield questions posed by outsiders. True False Question 38 (2 points) Ascribed status is the social position that a person chooses or achieves, such as their marital status or profession. It is fluid and may change over the course of one's life. True False Question 39 (2 points) Transhumance is a type of pastoral living in which part of the group follows the herd while the others stay behind. Villages are usually located near water sources where small scale growing of crops may occur True False Question 40 (2 points) Every society is composed of individual identities, awareness, and an understanding of the self. The knowledge that each individual is singular and unique is static in nature, and does not change. True False Question 41 (2 points) Women's status is lowered by their cultural identification with work in the home and with children. True false

Question 42 (2 points) In Brazil, there are an estimated 50 different markers of race used by the general public. True False Question 43 (16 points) Choose one of the two following questions. Reply in a few short paragraphs. Try to be specific and use language from the course. Describe in writing how class, ethnicity, and race, function relatedly in modern societies around the world. In order to maximize points, be sure to use vocabulary and examples from your lessons. Be sure to include an introduction that provides background information, and a conclusion that summarizes your writing Identify three anthropologists. Describe the theory or theories with which they are most closely associated. Including background information on the individual or the theory will help you to maximize your points. Be sure to include an introduction and a conclusion that summarizes your writing. Anthropology has been shaped by the contributions of numerous scholars who have advanced various theories and concepts. Three prominent anthropologists and their associated theories are Franz Boas, Claude Lévi-Strauss, and Malinowski. Franz Boas, often regarded as the father of American anthropology, is closely associated with the theory of cultural relativism. Boas emphasized the importance of studying cultures within their own contexts and rejected the notion of cultural hierarchy. Through his work, Boas demonstrated that human behavior and culture are shaped by a variety of factors, including environment, history, and social structures. Claude Lévi-Strauss is known for his structuralist approach to anthropology. His theory focused on uncovering the underlying structures of human thought that shape cultural phenomena. Lévi-Strauss believed that universal structures of the mind influence the way humans categorize and understand the world, leading to recurring patterns in cultural practices and myths. His work laid the foundation for structural anthropology, which explores the underlying structures of societies and cultures. Malinowski is often referred to as the father of modern ethnography. He is closely associated with the theory of functionalism in anthropology. Malinowski conducted extensive fieldwork in the Trobriand Islands off the coast of Papua New Guinea, where he developed his theories on the function of cultural practices and institutions. His approach emphasized the importance of understanding how cultural customs and beliefs serve specific functions within a society, such as meeting psychological or social needs. Malinowski's work laid the foundation for the functionalist perspective, which became influential in British anthropology during the early 20th century.

All in all, Malinowski's functionalism emphasized the role of cultural practices in fulfilling specific social functions, while Boas's cultural relativism and historical particularism promoted a more empathetic and historically grounded approach to studying human cultures. Lévi-Strauss's structuralism offered insights into the underlying cognitive structures that shape cultural phenomena, challenging conventional understandings of cultural diversity. Together, their work has enriched our understanding of human societies and cultures, shaping the development of anthropology as a discipline.

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