ANTH 101 - Quiz 2 Study Guide - Winter 2023

ANTH 101 Dr. Kaela Parker ANTH 101 – Quiz 2 Study Guide – Winter 2023 Purpose: The purpose of this study guide is to make sure that students understand the basic information that may show up on the quiz. Quiz Logistics and Technical Information: Your quiz will take place IN-PERSON during class time The midterm will be made up of 35 randomly selected multiple choice, true/false, and fill in the blank questions. Quiz availability: The quiz will take place during class time on Friday, March 17 th . Time allotment: You will have 50 minutes to complete it. Quiz Topics: Quiz 2 will cover all of the material covered since Quiz 1. You are responsible for knowing the material from the lectures, textbook ( chapters 2, 8, 9 and 15 ), additional readings, and video worksheets for “The Secrets of Body Language” and “Race and Intelligence: Science’s Last Taboo”. Some points to pay special attention to when studying are provided below. General tips for doing well on a test:  READ THE QUESTION CAREFULLY. Before selecting an answer, make sure that you have carefully read the question. This may seem obvious, but students often skim questions and miss crucial details that are needed to select an answer.  On multiple choice questions, NEVER CHANGE YOUR ANSWER unless you are sure that your initial selection is wrong. Our brains are pretty miraculous things. Even if we don’t remember things outright, more often than not, that 1 st knee-jerk reaction to a question is your brain subconsciously remembering something that was said or that you read.  Put an answer in for all questions!!!!! You never know, you might get it right! You are GUARANTEED to get the answer wrong if you leave it blank!

ANTH 101 Dr. Kaela Parker KEY CONCEPTS FOR ANTH 101, QUIZ 2 Note: this is not a comprehensive list. It is a STUDY GUIDE! Week Key Concept Key Terms/Figures Textbook Chapters Additional Sources 5-6  What is archaeology?  Archaeology as a science  What is context and why is it  Archaeology  Indiana Jones  Pothunter  Context  Archaeological record  Artifact  Ecofact  Feature  Fossil  Site formation processes (natural vs. cultural)  Taphonomy  Surface survey  Subsurface survey  Invasive  Non-invasive  Relative dating  Absolute dating  Stratigraphy  Dendrochronology  Radiocarbon dating  (radio)isotope  Half-life  Form  Make  Function  Spatial distribution  Subsistence  Forager/Hunter-gatherer  Horticulturalist/Gardener  Agriculturalist/Farmer  Pastoralist/Herder  Domestication  The Ancient One  Kwädąy Dän Ts’ìnchį Chapter 8 & 9; Lavenda et al. (2016) important?  How does the archaeological record help us understand the past?  What types of archaeological evidence exists?  What are natural site formation processes?  What are cultural site formation processes/transformations?  How are archaeological sites found?  How are sites excavated?  How can we learn how old something is?  What can we learn from artifacts and features?  What can we learn from ecofacts?  What can we learn from human remains?  What can we learn from burials?  What are the different subsistence strategies?  How can domestication be identified in the archaeological record?  What were the benefits of agriculture?  What were the drawbacks of agriculture?  How do archaeologists infer social stratification?

ANTH 101 Dr. Kaela Parker This next part is to help you study for each section. There is no associated answer key, but you can ask me specific questions if you are concerned about your answers. Week 6-7: A. Fill in the Blanks. 1. Archaeology is a SCIENCE SCIENTIFIC method. and so must follow the 2. CONTEXT is the single most important thing about an artifact. It includes where an artifact is FOUND , its RELATIONSHIP to other items around it, and the soil consistency surrounding it. 3. The ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD is the material evidence of past human activity. 4. A(n) ARTIFACT is anything that has been made or modified by humans while a(n) ECOFACT is a natural object that has been affected by (but not made by) humans. 5. Building a wall, setting a fire, and plowing a field are all examples of CULTURAL site formation processes. 6. A coyote crosses a shallow archaeological burial. Finding the bones, it breaks several of them by chewing on the ends and takes some of the other bones to its den. This is an example of BIOTURBATION . 7. A(n) DATUM POINT is an arbitrary point in an archaeological site that every find is measured against. 8. The law of SUPERPOSITION states that (as long as there are no soil disturbances) deeper STRATA (layers) will be older than shallower ones. 9. DENDOCHRONOLOGY is the science of tree ring dating. 10. A(n) HALF LIFE is the amount of time that it takes for half of a radioisotope in a substance to decay. 11. Before ~10,000 – 12,000 years ago humans subsisted as HUNTERS-GATHERERS . 12. Early neolithic societies were . Later societies show signs of social . 13. Archaeologists can infer social inequality from and .

ANTH 101 Dr. Kaela Parker B. Questions. 1. What are the steps of the scientific method? 2. Name and describe the four types of archaeological evidence. Give an example of each. - ARTIFACTS – stuff altered by people - ECOFACTS – natural stuff altered or unaltered by people - FEATURES – large artifacts hard to move - FOSSILS – remains of once living thing 3. Archaeological sites are often found through survey. a) What is the difference between surface and subsurface survey? - SURFACE: looking on surface - SUBSURFACE: looking below surface b) What does it mean when you say a technique is invasive vs. non-invasive? - INVASIVE: breaking ground - NON-INVASIVE: not breaking ground 4. What is the difference between relative and absolute dating? - RELATIVE DATING: dating something relative to something else - ABSOLUTE DATING: dating using numbers and time 5. Name three things that you can learn from artifacts. - - TOOLS THEY USED, FUNCTION, MATERIAL IT’S MADE OF

ANTH 101 Dr. Kaela Parker Week 7-8: A. Fill in the blanks: 1. Human language is OPEN while primate communication is CLOSED because primates can only make specific calls that are appropriate to a given situation. 2. PHONEMES are the sounds of a language while MORPHEMES are the smallest meaningful units that can be formed. The word prehistory has two MORPHEMES but ten PHENOMES . 3. A(n) PIDGIN is a language that develops when people who speak distinct languages are forced to communicate. Over time (several generations), these languages can develop into CREOLES that have clear grammatical rules. 4. CONTEXT affects language. Some languages even have specific variants that are used in different context (for example when you talk formally or informally). B. Questions. 1. Name and define the six key features of language. 2. What are the three theories around the brain-language-culture connection. 3. How does context affect language?

ANTH 101 Dr. Kaela Parker 4. Name four non-verbal forms of non-verbal communication. - BODY LANGUAGE - FACIAL EXPRESSION - EYE CONTACT - SIGHS Week 8-9: A. Fill in the blanks. 1. CULTURE describes sets of learned behaviours and ideas that individuals acquire as a member of society. 2. LEARNED CULTURE refers to the process of acquiring social skills, values, and knowledge by interacting with others. While connected, describes the process of learning to think and feel in ways that are appropriate to the society you live in. 3. I strongly believe that there is only one right way to act and to live in the world, I am EHTNOCENTRIC . However, by taking anthropology courses, I have learned to understand a culture on its own terms. I have learned CULTURAL RELATIVITY . 4. A(n) believes that behaviours are controlled entirely by genetics while a(n) believes that behaviours are founded by the environment that we grow up in. B. Questions. 1. Name and describe the five aspects of culture. - LEARNED - SHARED - PATTERNED - ADAPTIVE - SYMBOLIC

ANTH 101 Dr. Kaela Parker 3. Name and describe two issues with IQ tests. 4. Explain how biological determinists and IQ tests paved the way for the eugenics program in the United States and Canada. 5. Is intelligence genetic, environmental, or both? Explain.