Understanding Evidence Based Reading: Wolf and Elk Population Dynamics

Exercise – Evidence Based Reading A. The size of the northern wolf packs is the major limiting factor on elk populations. B. The superior hunting tactics that wolves possess are one of many factors that affect elk populations. C. The sizes of wolf and elk populations affect one another. D. The size of the elk population is the major limiting factor on the wolf packs. 8. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A. Lines 25-27 ("Wolf numbers...YNP") B. Lines 51-52 ("Wolf packs...2012") C. Lines 57-59 ("Wolf-prey...sites") D. Lines 90-94 ("In addition...severity") 9. The author references weather (lines 94-96) primarily in order to A. illustrate one possible logistical difficulty in tracking wolves in YNP. B. provide a reason for the improved quality of elk food. C. argue for the design of a new predation study in YNP. D. provide additional information relevant to the decline of elk. 10. Which claim about wolf and elk populations studied by the National Park Service is supported by the graph? A. Currently, elk populations out-number wolf populations in YNP. B. Since wolf reintroduction in YNP, elk populations have only decreased. C. Wolf populations are highest when elk populations are lowest.

D. Currently, elk populations and wolf populations are about the same. 18. This first passage is adapted from an article from Imperial College London published in 2010, and the second is adapted from an article from Reuters published in 2013. Both discuss the different factors that may have contributed to the extinction of the dinosaurs. Passage 1: Asteroid killed off the dinosaurs, says international scientific panel

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80 Exercise – Evidence Based Reading

Passage 2: Asteroid may have killed dinosaurs more quickly than scientists thought

1. In the first paragraph of Passage 1, the author suggests that mammals A were the only species that survived the KT extinction. B. were very rare until 65 million years ago. C. were not the dominant species on earth before the asteroid hit. D. were wiped out after an asteroid hit the earth. 2. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A. Lines 1-4 ("A panel...ago") B. Lines 4-8 ("The extinction...Earth")

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C. Lines 9-12 ("The new...Mexico") D. Lines 53-56 ("The KT...Earth") 3. As used in line 24, "spewed" most nearly means A. conflagrated. B. disgorged. C. exhumed. D. siphoned. 4. Based on the information in Passage 1, it can be reasonably inferred that 81

A. fires, earthquakes, and tsunamis killed most of the dinosaurs. B. lowered temperatures decimated many species. C. the impact of the asteroid caused volcanoes to erupt. D. there is no consensus on what caused the KT extinction. 5. As used in line 44 and line 73, the phrases "final nail in the coffin," and "nail in that coffin" in both passages refer to A. a profound deduction. B. a deadly result.C. a gruesome metaphor. D. a terminating event. 6. The author's reference to the "high-precision radiometric dating techniques" in lines 68-69 primarily serves to A. propose a new theory. B. validate the study's data. C. prove the conclusion right. D. counter the assumption. 7. As used in line 97, "preclude" most nearly means A. cause. B. Limit C. Bar D. Tap 8. The author of Passage 2 mentions tektites (line 83) primarily in order to A. explore another cause for the KT extinction. B. diminish the role of the asteroid in the demise of the dinosaurs. C. substantiate that the volcanoes caused the most damage.

D. contrast with volcanic ash in order to support the new theory. 9. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A. Lines 19-23 ("Scientists have previously...years") B. Lines 61-65 ("Earth's climate may...said")C. Lines 92-97 ("The previous data...relationship") D. Lines 106-108 ("He says ecosystems...struck") 10. The passages differ in that Passage 1 A. describes the size of the asteroid, while Passage 2 only mentions its impact. B. concludes that the extinction happened before the asteroid hit, while Passage 2 says the extinction happened after the asteroid hit. C. explains how mammals were affected by the KT extinction, while Passage 2 does not. D. contradicts the previous theory concerning the KT extinction, while Passage 2 supports it. 11. Is the main conclusion of the study described in Passage 2 consistent with the panel's conclusion, as described in Passage 1? A. Yes, since the asteroid caused earthquakes and volcano eruptions that shrouded the earth in debris. B. Yes, since the asteroid is considered the primary cause of the KT extinction by both parties. C. No, since the study in Passage 2 conveys doubt about the timing of the asteroid impact. D. No, since Passage 1 concludes that the asteroid impact led to the growth of mammal populations. Exercise – Evidence Based Reading 82

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Exercise – Evidence Based Reading19. This passage describes the life and work of Phyllis Wheatley (1753-1784), a poet from Massachusetts.

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83 1. The primary purpose of the passage as a whole is to A. criticize readers for not having read more works by authors subjected to adverse circumstances.

B. describe the life and work of an author while noting some of the complications of that life and work. C. outline a general history of African-American literature and discuss its major figures. D. praise one slaveholder for his particularly forward-thinking views by showing his kindness to slaves. . Based on the information in the passage, Phyllis Wheatley's life can best be described as A. difficult, because she was never freed from slavery despite her fame as a poet. B. charmed, because she was given so many wonderful opportunities upon arriving at the Wheatleys' home . C. impressive, although it contains many aspects that are troubling or confusing to present-day readers D. contemplative, although some of the sentiments in her work show a refusal to think deeply about her own life. 3. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A. Lines 18-24 ("Although...Wheatley")B. Lines 48-56 ("Wheatley's story...1805)")C. Lines 57-69 ("Tragically...poet")D. Lines 84-90 ("Wheatley's poems...groups") 4. The passage suggests which of the following about Phyllis Wheatley's popularity? A. Her family was prominent in Massachusetts, and she gained all of her connections through the family. B. She was admired in the United States, but she achieved greater fame in Europe. C. She was considered one of the greatest poets in the country, but few people consider her a great poet today.

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D. She was admired by prominent people, but such admiration did not make her life less difficult. 5. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A. Lines 1-6 and 84-90B. Lines 24-32 and 73-83 C. Lines 44-47 and 84-90 D. Lines 48-56 and 57-65 6. The reference to Frederick Douglass in lines 13-14 serves primarily to A. name a writer whose life story is less interesting than Wheatley's. B. allude to a type of literary achievement distinct from Wheatley's. C. note a discrepancy in literary history that is not often acknowledged. D. refer to a friend of Wheatley's who encouraged the publication of her work. 7. In context, the "circumstances" in line 19 refer to A. precise and complete biographical details.B. unintended consequences and failures.C. climate and weather conditions. D. general context and historical events. 8. The information in lines 41-47 primarily illustrates Phyllis Wheatley's A. remarkable aptitude. B. poetic nature.C. vicious subjection.D. confounding life. 9. The word "progressive" appears in quotations in line 39 and line 66 in order to emphasize A. the remarkable achievement of those who behave well before it is common to do so. B. the awkwardness of using contemporary terms to described past events. C. the difficult nature of describing negative behavior in a positive way. D. the fact that the word comes from Wheatley's poetry and essays.

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